Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: R.D. Conkwright
      Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
      Title: GeologicMap feature dataset
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: David K. Brezinski
          Publication_Date: 07/01/2013
          Title: Geologic Map of the Hagerstown, MD Quadrangle, HAGER2013.1
          Edition: HAGER2013.1
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Digital Quadrangle Geologic Map Series
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Baltimore, MD
            Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey
          Online_Linkage: http://www.mgs.md.gov
  Description:
    Abstract:
      This feature dataset is a component of the geologic map of the Hagerstown 7.5-minute quadrangle, Washington County, Maryland (1:24,000 scale; 1 inch = 2,000 feet).  Geologic field mapping in the quadrangle was conducted in 2009-2011 by David K. Brezinski.

      This map area is included in an investigation of karst development in the Hagerstown Valley.  The karst investigation was conducted by the Maryland Geological Survey as part of a collaborative effort with the Maryland State Highway Administration.  Components of the digital geologic map were developed in partnership with the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

      The geologic components were originally drafted onto stable-base material using the corresponding U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle map as a base (1:24,000 scale).  The digital geologic map was developed for geographic information systems (GIS) using ESRI's ArcGIS/ArcInfo software.  The geologic map is produced in the Maryland State Plane Coordinate System (Lambert conformal conic projection, NAD83, meters) (1:24000 scale).

      The components of the digital geologic map are divided into separate feature classes for bedrock geology, surficial Quaternary deposits, structural line features (e.g., faults), structural point features (e.g., bedding measurements), and geologic cross-section elements.  Digital base map layers were derived from USGS topographic map for this quadrangle and other sources (see supplemental_information).  Feature class-specific metadata is provided.
    Purpose: The purpose of producing the geologic map using ArcGIS is to allow spatial analyses as part of a geographic information system (GIS).  The geologic data are useful tools in natural resources planning and management.  The GIS format facilitates synergism between geology with other disciplines and derivative work (e.g., mapping of geologic hazards, mineral resources and soils).  A PDF version of the full map layout is provided for printing hard copies and viewing on-screen, particularly for those without access to GIS software.
    Supplemental_Information: The base layers for the geologic map include a ArcGIS feature class (vector data) for hydrography (from the National Hydrography Dataset) and a base map raster image developed from USGS US Topo digital topographic map data.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 2009
        Beginning_Time: unknown
        Ending_Date: 2011
        Ending_Time: unknown
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.751044
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.623573
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.721971
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.623984
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: geologic map, cross-section, geology, formations
    Place:
      Place_Keyword: Hagerstown, Maryland
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: These data represent the results of data collection/processing for a specific Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Geological Survey activity and indicate general existing conditions.  As such, they are only valid for the intended use, content, time, and accuracy specification.  The user is responsible for the results of any application of the data for other than their intended purpose.  The Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Geological Survey makes no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the use or appropriateness of the data, and there are no warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose of use.  The Maryland Geological Survey makes no representation to the accuracy or completeness of the data and may not be held liable for human error or defect.  Data are only valid at 1:24,000 scale.  Data should not be used at a scale greater than that.  By using the data, you signify that you have read the use constraints and accept its terms.  Acknowledgement of the Maryland Geological Survey and credit to the originator(s)/author(s) are expected in products derived from this data.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: R.D. Conkwright
        Contact_Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 2300 St. Paul St.
        City: Baltimore
        State_or_Province: Maryland
        Postal_Code: 21218
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 410 337-9461
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bconkwright@dnr.state.md.us
      Hours_of_Service: 8:30am to 4:30pm EST
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4000
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The geologic map was hand drawn on stable-base film (e.g., Mylar or Herculene) at a scale of 1:24,000 by the principal geologist based on standard geologic mapping techniques, which involves the integration and interpretation of field observations and available subsurface data (e.g., drilling logs, geophysical logs).  The hand-drawn map includes geologic contact lines and coded labels for the geologic map units.  Digital attributes were assigned during the creation of the geology layer in ArcInfo.  Each polygon has a unit label attribute designating the mapped geologic unit provided by the principal geologist or MGS GIS project coordinator/editor.  Additional polygon attributes for the digital files were provided by the MGS GIS project coordinator.  Feature attributes were then verified visually in the ArcInfo attribute tables; attributes linked to map layout components were verified visually on the map both in print and symbolized display on-screen.  Maryland Geological Survey performs quality assurance on the digital vector file by comparison of the digital data files and map to the original films.  Selected attributes that cannot be visually verified on plots or on screen are interactively queried and verified on screen by the GIS project coordinator and GIS specialist(s).
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Map elements were subjected to topologic tests in ArcGIS Desktop (and visually checked) for overshoots, undershoots, duplicate features, polygon closure and other errors by the GIS project coordinator and GIS specialist(s) who created the digital data.and  for errors.  Polylines and polygons were tested to a 0.001 tolerance for overlap or gaps between line features and adjacent geologic formation polygons.  Hard copy prints of the map were reviewed by the MGS geologists for consistency with basic geologic principles and general conformity to mapping standards.
  Completeness_Report:
    Omissions in geologic data would be due primarily to lack of subsurface data or hidden or undiscovered surface units.  The stratigrapher has employed accepted standard procedures and due diligence to ensure the construction of reasonable geologic models.

    Updates may occur as needed or as additional data become available. Check MGS website for version number or contact MGS Publications Office (see Distribution_Information).  Data are complete based on compilation at 1:24,000 scale.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal accuracy of the digital vector file was tested by comparing proof plots with original mylar(s) of the map prepared by the principal geologist(s) at a scale of 1:24000. The comparison was done visually by MGS geologists and the GIS team.  Some corrections/adjustments to contact locations were made per instruction of the principal geologist, David K. Brezinski, directly in the digital form.  The difference in the positional accuracy between the geologic unit contacts as drawn and digitized and the contacts in the field is difficult to quantify in geologic mapping of this type.  Where a contact between two bedrock units is concealed by a mappable thickness of overlying Quaternary materials (e.g., alluvium, colluvium, residuum, terrace deposits or artificial fill) the location is an estimate indicated by a dotted line on the map (attributed as "concealed" in the arc attribute table in coverage).  Where a bedrock contact is not concealed by mappable Quaternary deposits, the certainty of a contact's location may vary because many bedrock contacts are not exposed everywhere (they are often covered by soils and/or vegetation in places).  In these situations the location certainty/accuracy of geologic contacts has been designated by the principal geologist as accurate (symbolized by a solid line), approximate (a long dash pattern), or inferred (a short dash pattern).
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: unknown
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
      Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
      Type_of_Source_Media: stable-base material
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 2009
            Beginning_Time: unknown
            Ending_Date: 2011
            Ending_Time: unknown
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: David K, Brezinski
      Source_Contribution: Hand drawn ink-on mylar developed from field data overlaid on USGS topographic map (1:24000)
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Geologic map for target area was developed.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: D.K. Brezinski
      Process_Date: Unknown
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Cross section hand drawn, ink-on-base-stable-Mylar.  Cross section structure is based on interpretation of surface structures and, where available, subsurface data.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: D.K. Brezinski
      Process_Date: Unknown
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Base-stable Mylar cross section artwork was scanned at 300 dpi and saved to TIF format image.
      Process_Date: Unknown
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Scanned image imported into ArcGIS 9.3.1 and georeferenced to base map.  Beginning and end points of cross section surface line, and the lower left and lower right corners of the section are used as georeference points on the scanned section.
      Process_Date: Unknown
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Geologic features on scanned image were digitized on-screen at a scale of 1:5000 or greater.
      Process_Date: Unknown
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Geologic  feature class topologies was built in ArcGIS Catalogue to identify topologic errors between adjacent polygons, and with contacts and faults.  Any errors were corrected.
      Process_Date: Unknown
  Cloud_Cover: n/a
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 546
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 52
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 323
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 30
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 33
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 15
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 25
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 234
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 546
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 52
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 15
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 33
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 25
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 290
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 15
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 25
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 234
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 546
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 52
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 15
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
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      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
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      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 33
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
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      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 25
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 290
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System
        State_Plane_Coordinate_System:
          SPCS_Zone_Identifier: 1900
          Lambert_Conformal_Conic:
            Standard_Parallel: 38.300000
            Standard_Parallel: 39.450000
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -77.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 37.666667
            False_Easting: 400000.000000
            False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000100
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000100
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.000010
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Bedding
      Entity_Type_Definition: The primary planar orientation of a map unit with respect to a horizontal plane.  Planar-feature geologic point data consist of quantitative information about the character and the orientation of a geologic surface, which may be a physical surface (for example, a fault plane or bedded strata) or a hypothetical surface (for example, an axial surface of a fold or a plane of foliation). The geologic surface may be horizontal, inclined, vertical, or overturned. Two measurements, the strike and the dip, define the orientation of a geologic surface in three-dimensional space: 1) the strike of a surface is the azimuthal direction of a hypothetical line formed by the intersection of the surface with an imaginary horizontal surface, as measured in the direction that the observer is facing when the surface dips down to the right (this method of directional measurement follows the right-hand rule convention); 2) the dip of a surface is the angle of departure of that surface downward from horizontal, as measured perpendicular to the line of strike. Information about the type of observation, as well as the values of strike and dip, is specified as feature attributes in the geologic map database. Such information also is represented on the geologic map by specialized point symbols and associated annotation: the strike value and the direction of dip are implicit in the orientation of the point symbol; the dip value is added as annotation.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Cleavage
      Entity_Type_Definition: The orientation of deformation-caused planar features in a map unit. Planar-feature geologic point data consist of quantitative information about the character and the orientation of a geologic surface, which may be a physical surface (for example, a fault plane or bedded strata) or a hypothetical surface (for example, an axial surface of a fold or a plane of foliation). The geologic surface may be horizontal, inclined, vertical, or overturned. Two measurements, the strike and the dip, define the orientation of a geologic surface in three-dimensional space: 1) the strike of a surface is the azimuthal direction of a hypothetical line formed by the intersection of the surface with an imaginary horizontal surface, as measured in the direction that the observer is facing when the surface dips down to the right (this method of directional measurement follows the right-hand rule convention); 2) the dip of a surface is the angle of departure of that surface downward from horizontal, as measured perpendicular to the line of strike. Information about the type of observation, as well as the values of strike and dip, is specified as feature attributes in the geologic map database. Such information also is represented on the geologic map by specialized point symbols and associated annotation: the strike value and the direction of dip are implicit in the orientation of the point symbol; the dip value is added as annotation.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Contacts
      Entity_Type_Definition: A contact is a planar surface that bounds a geologic unit (except where that bounding surface is a fault; see discussion below in Section 3.4.3, entitled "Faults"). A contact is intrinsic to the genesis of each geologic unit; that is, the contact delineates the stratigraphic position where, owing to changing environmental conditions or other genetic factors at the time of origin, the properties and characteristics of one geologic unit change, either abruptly or gradually, to those of another geologic unit. Discussion of contacts in this standard primarily pertains to those that have been mapped in the field (for example, contacts that bound formations, members, beds, lava flows, or intrusions). Contacts can also exist between higher rank units, although these contacts typically are not mapped in the field; instead, they are concepts that may arise later when lower rank stratigraphic units are combined into higher rank stratigraphic units (see discussion of lithostratigraphic boundaries by the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1983, p. 856–58). Contacts can be classified as one of a number of types, depending on the nature or origin of the contact and the geologic units that it separates. Examples of such contact types include the following: sedimentary (conformable; unconformable, etc.); alluvial; landslide; residual; igneous (intrusive, extrusive, pyroclastic); metamorphic; and high-strain (cataclastic, mylonitic, tectonic). If available, supplemental information about a contact's type is added as a feature attribute to the geologic map database; however, specialized line symbols usually are not used to represent these various contact types. In general, unless otherwise stated on the geologic map or in the geologic map database, contacts should be considered generic; that is, they have no particular type or identity.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Faults
      Entity_Type_Definition: A fault is a planar surface of rupture along which geologic units have been fractured and then displaced. Faults can be geometrically complex structures that juxtapose map units over great distances, or they can be simple fracture planes along which the amount of offset is very small. Discussion of faults in this standard primarily pertains to those that have been mapped in the field. Faults also can be required conceptually when lower rank stratigraphic units are grouped into higher rank units or tectonostratigraphic terranes, although these faults may not have been observed in the field. Faults can be classified as one of a number of types, depending on the nature of their geometry and (or) sense of offset. Examples of fault types include the following: normal (low-angle, listric); reverse; thrust; overturned thrust; vertical; strike-slip (right-lateral, left-lateral); oblique-slip; detachment; or some combination of the above. Information about a fault's type is specified as a feature attribute in the geologic map database. When the map scale allows, such information also is represented on the geologic map by a specialized line symbol and (or) line-symbol decoration. A particularly robust set of specialized line symbols and line-symbol decorations has evolved to represent the various fault types (see Appendix A, Section 2). In general, unless otherwise stated on the map or in the geologic map database, faults that lack such specialized symbology should be considered generic; that is, their geometry or sense of offset either is not known or has not been specified. Some faults are relatively minor structures whose traces are mapped within single geologic units until the faults can no longer be observed or they no longer exist. More commonly, faults are mapped as larger, thoroughgoing structures that can produce a significant amount of offset between one or more geologic units, so that the rupture surfaces form new map-unit boundaries. In addition, faulting sometimes can take place at the stratigraphic position where a contact would normally exist between two stratigraphically coherent geologic units. But because faulting is not a process intrinsic to a geologic units' genesis (in these cases, faulting has occurred through already-formed geologic units), these bounding surfaces do not meet the criteria to be called contacts (see discussion above in Section 3.4.1, entitled "Contacts"). Therefore, although they may form boundaries between geologic units, such structures are classified as "faults," not "fault contacts" or "faulted contacts."
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: MapUnitPolys
      Entity_Type_Definition: A geologic map unit is a cartographic representation of a volume of geologic materials that share enough characteristics (for example, the composition, areal extent, age, and (or) genesis) to be considered a single entity (a single geologic unit). On a typical geologic map, most geologic units are represented by polygons that are filled with colors and (or) patterns. Geologic units can also be represented by lines (for example, dikes) or points (for example, blueschist blocks).  The formation, whether formal or informal, is the lithostratigraphic unit most commonly depicted on a geologic map. A formation can be subdivided into lower rank stratigraphic units (for example, members, tongues, lentils, or beds) or assembled with other formations to make up more generalized, higher rank stratigraphic units (for example, groups or supergroups), depending on the scale of the map or the focus of the geologist (see guidelines for the recognition and naming of geologic units by the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1983).
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: OverlayPolys
      Entity_Type_Definition: (not used)
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Folds
      Entity_Type_Definition: (not used)
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Lineation
      Entity_Type_Definition: The orientation of internal linear features in a map unit. Planar-feature geologic point data consist of quantitative information about the character and the orientation of a geologic surface, which may be a physical surface (for example, a fault plane or bedded strata) or a hypothetical surface (for example, an axial surface of a fold or a plane of foliation). The geologic surface may be horizontal, inclined, vertical, or overturned. Two measurements, the strike and the dip, define the orientation of a geologic surface in three-dimensional space: 1) the strike of a surface is the azimuthal direction of a hypothetical line formed by the intersection of the surface with an imaginary horizontal surface, as measured in the direction that the observer is facing when the surface dips down to the right (this method of directional measurement follows the right-hand rule convention); 2) the dip of a surface is the angle of departure of that surface downward from horizontal, as measured perpendicular to the line of strike. Information about the type of observation, as well as the values of strike and dip, is specified as feature attributes in the geologic map database. Such information also is represented on the geologic map by specialized point symbols and associated annotation: the strike value and the direction of dip are implicit in the orientation of the point symbol; the dip value is added as annotation.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: The orientation of deformation-caused planar features in a map unit. Planar-feature geologic point data consist of quantitative information about the character and the orientation of a geologic surface, which may be a physical surface (for example, a fault plane or bedded strata) or a hypothetical surface (for example, an axial surface of a fold or a plane of foliation). The geologic surface may be horizontal, inclined, vertical, or overturned. Two measurements, the strike and the dip, define the orientation of a geologic surface in three-dimensional space: 1) the strike of a surface is the azimuthal direction of a hypothetical line formed by the intersection of the surface with an imaginary horizontal surface, as measured in the direction that the observer is facing when the surface dips down to the right (this method of directional measurement follows the right-hand rule convention); 2) the dip of a surface is the angle of departure of that surface downward from horizontal, as measured perpendicular to the line of strike. Information about the type of observation, as well as the values of strike and dip, is specified as feature attributes in the geologic map database. Such information also is represented on the geologic map by specialized point symbols and associated annotation: the strike value and the direction of dip are implicit in the orientation of the point symbol; the dip value is added as annotation.
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: SurfaceGeologyPolys
      Entity_Type_Definition: A surface geologic map unit is a cartographic representation of a volume of geologic materials on the earth's surface, typically overlaying bedrock units, that share enough characteristics (for example, the composition, areal extent, age, and (or) genesis) to be considered a single entity (a single geologic unit). On a typical geologic map, most geologic units are represented by polygons that are filled with colors and (or) patterns. Geologic units can also be represented by lines (for example, dikes) or points (for example, blueschist blocks).  The formation, whether formal or informal, is the lithostratigraphic unit most commonly depicted on a geologic map. A formation can be subdivided into lower rank stratigraphic units (for example, members, tongues, lentils, or beds) or assembled with other formations to make up more generalized, higher rank stratigraphic units (for example, groups or supergroups), depending on the scale of the map or the focus of the geologist (see guidelines for the recognition and naming of geologic units by the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1983).
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: SurfaceGeologyContacts
      Entity_Type_Definition: A surface geology contact is a planar surface that bounds a surface geologic unit (except where that bounding surface is a fault; see discussion below in Section 3.4.3, entitled "Faults"). A contact is intrinsic to the genesis of each geologic unit; that is, the contact delineates the stratigraphic position where, owing to changing environmental conditions or other genetic factors at the time of origin, the properties and characteristics of one geologic unit change, either abruptly or gradually, to those of another geologic unit. Discussion of contacts in this standard primarily pertains to those that have been mapped in the field (for example, contacts that bound formations, members, beds, lava flows, or intrusions). Contacts can also exist between higher rank units, although these contacts typically are not mapped in the field; instead, they are concepts that may arise later when lower rank stratigraphic units are combined into higher rank stratigraphic units (see discussion of lithostratigraphic boundaries by the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1983, p. 856–58). Contacts can be classified as one of a number of types, depending on the nature or origin of the contact and the geologic units that it separates. Examples of such contact types include the following: sedimentary (conformable; unconformable, etc.); alluvial; landslide; residual; igneous (intrusive, extrusive, pyroclastic); metamorphic; and high-strain (cataclastic, mylonitic, tectonic). If available, supplemental information about a contact's type is added as a feature attribute to the geologic map database; however, specialized line symbols usually are not used to represent these various contact types. In general, unless otherwise stated on the geologic map or in the geologic map database, contacts should be considered generic; that is, they have no particular type or identity.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: BeddingAnno
      Entity_Type_Definition: ESRI annotations replace static bedding labels with labels that can be repositioned independently from the entities they label.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Maryland Geological Survey
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: CleavageAnno
      Entity_Type_Definition: ESRI annotations replace static cleavage labels with labels that can be repositioned independently from the entities they label.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Maryland Geological Survey
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: LineationAnno
      Entity_Type_Definition: ESRI annotations replace static lineation labels with labels that can be repositioned independently from the entities they label.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Maryland Geological Survey
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Bedrock_GeologyAnno
      Entity_Type_Definition: ESRI annotations replace static MapUnitPoly (bedrock) labels with labels that can be repositioned independently from the entities they label.
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Surface_GeologyAnno
      Entity_Type_Definition: ESRI annotations replace static SurfaceGeologyPolys (surface geologic units) labels with labels that can be repositioned independently from the entities they label.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Maryland Geological Survey
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: KarstFeatures
      Entity_Type_Definition: Location of karst features, which are solutional features developed in predominantly calcarious geologic units.  They include closed depressions, sinkholes, springs, and caves.
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Maryland Geological Survey
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Anno_1_44
      Entity_Type_Definition: Various repositioned annotation labels
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Anno_2_45
      Entity_Type_Definition: Various repositioned annotation labels
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Anno_21_46
      Entity_Type_Definition: Various repositioned annotation labels
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Anno_13_65
      Entity_Type_Definition: Various repositioned annotation labels
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Anno_38_66
      Entity_Type_Definition: Various repositioned annotation labels
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: FGDC Document Number FGDC-STD-013-2006
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Maryland Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: R.D. Conkwright
        Contact_Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 2300 St. Paul St.
        City: Baltimore
        State_or_Province: MD
        Postal_Code: 21218
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 410 337-9461
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bconkwright@dnr.state.md.us
      Hours_of_Service: 8:30am to 4:30pm EST
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability: None
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: ArcGIS geodatabase
        Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3.1
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Access_Instructions: Search website for file location
          Online_Computer_and_Operating_System: http://www.mgs.md.gov
    Fees: none
    Ordering_Instructions: Internet download
    Turnaround: n/a
  Custom_Order_Process:
    Contact the Publications Office
    Maryland Geological Survey
    410 554-5505
    publications@mgs.md.gov
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20130808
  Metadata_Future_Review_Date: as needed
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: R.D. Conkwright
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 2300 St. Paul St.
        City: Baltimore
        State_or_Province: Maryland
        Postal_Code: 21218
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 410 337-9461
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bconkwright@dnr.state.md.us
      Hours_of_Service: 8:30am to 4:30pm, EST
      Contact_Instructions: http://www.mgs.md.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
