MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SERVICE
MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Metadata
Historical Shorelines, 1841-1976
Chesapeake Bay Region of Maryland

1 Identification Information
1.1 Citation
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Maryland Geological Survey (MGS)
8.2 Publication Date: 2000
8.4 Title: Historical Shorelines, 1841-1976; Chesapeake Bay Region of Maryland
8.5 Edition: 1
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey
8.10 Online Linkage: http://mgs.md.gov

1.2 Description
1.2.1 Abstract: This data set contains historical shoreline vectors for 88 7.5' quadrangles and
three 3.75' quadrangles in the Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland (see Appendix 1).  The
vectors represent various shoreline positions between the years 1841 and 1976.  One to six
shorelines are available for each quad.  The area includes the trunk of the Chesapeake Bay in
Maryland and the tidal reaches of Bay tributaries draining the Eastern and Western Shores of the
state.

Shorelines were derived from two sources: (1) maps comprising a Historical Shorelines and
Erosion Rates Atlas (Conkwright, 1975) and (2) Coastal Survey maps (topographic or T-sheets)
produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS), a branch of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates Atlas
The first comprehensive survey of coastal erosion in Maryland was completed by Singewald and
Slaughter (1949).  Using U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey topographic sheets, they measured
changes over a 90-year period spanning the last half of the 19th century and the first half of the
20th, along nearly 2,000 miles of shoreline bordering the Chesapeake Bay, its tributaries, and the
Atlantic coast.  Their publication, Shore Erosion in Tidewater Maryland, presented shore erosion
statistics (e.g., acreage lost, rate of loss) in tabular form for specified reaches of shoreline.

In 1975, Conkwright produced a map series - Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates - depicting
the data published in Shore Erosion in Tidewater Maryland.  Historical shorelines were compiled
from U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts dating from 1841 to 1943.  As part of the
compilation, charts based on obsolete horizontal datums were adjusted to the North American
Datum of 1927 (NAD27).  The original scale of the charts - 1:10,000 or 1:20,000 - was reduced
to 1:24,000 using a Kargl Reflection Projector.  The smaller-scale shorelines were superimposed
on U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5' quadrangle topographic base maps, then hand-traced as
dashed lines on mylar overlays.  Shoreline positions at one, two, or three different points in time,
excluding the base map shoreline, are depicted on each of the 90 quads in the series.

Except for the base map shoreline, shorelines and corner tics from the Historical Shorelines map
series were hand-digitized by Salisbury State University using AutoCAD.  AutoCAD files were
(1) imported into MicroImages' DOSmips (.rvf format), (2) georeferenced to UTM (NAD83) by
displaying the vectors over previously georeferenced orthophotoquads and aligning
latitude/longitude (NAD27) tics, and (3) later converted to MicroImages' TNTmips (.rvc) format
and transformed to Maryland State Plane Coordinates (NAD83, meters).

Coastal Survey maps (topographic or T-sheets)
The NOS, formerly the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, is charged with surveying the coastline
of the United States.  NOS Coastal Survey maps are generally acknowledged to be the most
accurate source of historical shoreline data (Shalowitz, 1964).  Prior to 1927, Coastal Survey
maps were based on plane table surveys; after 1927, on aerial photography.  The datum of "mean
high water (MHW)" is consistently used as the plane of reference for the shoreline.

The most recent shorelines available for the Chesapeake Bay region in Maryland were digitized
directly from bromide or mylar copies of 156 Coastal Survey maps.  The dates of the shorelines
extracted from these maps range from 1934 to 1976.  Usually, several dates are reported on a
T-sheet.   Shoreline date was taken to be either the date of aerial photography or the date of field
edit, whichever was later.  For the most part, map scale was either 1:10,000 or 1:20,000.  A few
of the T-sheets, mainly of Baltimore Harbor, were at a scale of 1:5,000.

Two different techniques were used to extract the most recent NOS shorelines.  For the Western
Shore, T-sheets were hand-digitized using a Calcomp digitizer and either AutoCAD or a public
domain software package, GSMAP, developed by the USGS.  For Eastern Shore T-sheets, MGS
cooperated with NOS to convert the printed charts to digital format using an automated tracing
routine in ArcInfo (raster to vector conversion).
 
For all maps and charts, the quality of the digital product was checked by plotting the file and
comparing the plot to the source document.  Check plots were examined for positional accuracy
and for errors of omission and duplication.  Overshoots and undershoots were corrected, and
same-year shorelines were merged.  T-sheet shorelines were clipped to 3.75' or 7.5' quadrangle
boundaries, which may or not coincide with the original T-sheet boundaries.

Each TNTmips .rvc file in the data set corresponds to one 3.75' or 7.5' quadrangle and consists of
separate objects, each of which represents a single shoreline year.  (A single shoreline year may
have been derived from more than one source document.)  Uncompressed files are less than
9,000 kilobytes (Kb) in size.  They are available in TNTmips proprietary .rvc format on
CD-ROM or via the Internet.   This document describes all 91 .rvc files and is transferred with
them in ASCII format.

1.2.2 Purpose: Shoreline vectors were digitized as part of a multi-year Shoreline Changes
Mapping Project.  A digital update of an earlier Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates Atlas,
the project was designed to illustrate erosion and other shoreline changes along the Chesapeake
Bay and the tidal reaches of the Bay's tributaries in Maryland.  The update entailed converting
shoreline positions from mylar or bromide maps to electronic format and displaying the resulting
shoreline vectors over 1988-1990 orthophotoquads.  (The orthophotoquad shorelines themselves
were not traced as vectors.)   The 7.5' quadrangle format of the original Historical Shorelines and
Erosion Rates maps was preserved in the revision.  Horizontal datum was adjusted to the North
American Datum of 1983 (NAD83).

The first phase of the Shoreline Changes Mapping Project resulted in three main products - two
digital and the other paper.  The two digital products - shoreline vectors and orthophotoquad
rasters - were merged, annotated, and printed as Shoreline Changes maps (Kerhin and others,
1994 & 1997).  During the next phase of the project, MGS intends to calculate shoreline erosion
(rate change) statistics, including volumetric losses, using the shoreline vectors in conjunction
with bank height information.
                                   
1.2.3 Supplemental Information: 
The complete data set consists of vectors digitized from 81 Historical Shorelines (CZM) maps
and 156 Coastal Survey maps (T-sheets).  T-sheet shorelines have been merged and clipped to
7.5' or 3.75' quadrangle format, which may or may not coincide with the original T-sheet
boundaries.  Shorelines by T-sheet are not available.

This document serves as metadata for all shoreline vector files.

See appendices:
Appendix 1: Quadrangles with Shoreline Vectors
Appendix 2: Sources of Shoreline Data, by Quad
Appendix 3: Digitized Coastal Survey Maps
Appendix 4: Process Description - Automatically Digitizing NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey Maps
Appendix 5: Shoreline Vector Files
Appendix 6: Maryland Department of Natural Resources Spatial Data Products License
Agreement and Price Schedule

Related publications:
Hennessee, L.H., Kerhin, R.T., Isoldi, J.J, Gast, R.A., and Robertson, M., 1997, Coastal
erosion,      Chesapeake Bay, Maryland: a digital approach: Proceedings, 12th International     
Conference and Workshops on Applied Geologic Remote Sensing, Denver, Colorado, 17-19
November 1997, p. I-309 to I-314.

References:
Conkwright, R.D. (compiler), 1975, Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates Atlas:
MarylandGeological Survey, Baltimore, Md., 4 volumes.

Kerhin, R.T, Hennessee, E.L., Isoldi, J.J, and Gast, R.A. (compilers), 1994 & 1997, Shoreline
Changes: Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore, Md., 91 maps.
Shalowitz, A.L., 1964, Shore and Sea Boundaries: U.S. Government Printing Office,     
Washington, D.C., Publication 10-1, Vol. 2, 747 p.

Singewald, J.T., and Slaughter, T.H., 1949, Shore Erosion in Tidewater Maryland: Maryland   
Department of Geology, Mines, and Mineral Resources, Baltimore, Md., Bulletin 6, 141 p.

1.3 Time Period of Content
9 Time Period Information
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times
9.2.1 Calendar Date:  See Appendix 2: Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - Date and Coastal
Survey map - Date.  For Coastal Survey maps, the date of photography is indicated by (P)
following the year(s); the date of field edit is indicated by (F).
9.3 Range of Dates/Times
9.3.1 Beginning Date: 1841
9.3.3 Ending Date: 1976
1.3.1 Currentness Reference: For shorelines digitized directly from Coastal Survey maps, the
date represents the date of photography (P) or the date of field edit (F), whichever is later (more
recent).  For shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines maps, the date was taken from the
map legend.  It is unclear what that date represents.

1.4 Status
1.4.1 Progress: Complete
1.4.2 Maintenance and Update Frequency: Irregular

1.5 Spatial Domain
1.5.1 Bounding Coordinates
(Bounding coordinates of entire study area; see Appendix 1 for bounding coordinates of
individual quads)
1.5.1.1 West Bounding Coordinate: -77.375
1.5.1.2 East Bounding Coordinate: -75.625
1.5.1.3 North Bounding Coordinate: 39.625
1.5.1.4 South Bounding Coordinate: 37.875

1.6 Keywords
1.6.1 Theme
1.6.1.1 Theme Keyword Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory List of Valid Keywords: 
Earth Science Parameters Valid Keywords (CATEGORY > TOPIC > Term > Variable)
http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/valids/parms.html 
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > Coastal Processes > Erosion
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > Coastal Processes > Estuaries
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > Coastal Processes > Shoreline
Displacement
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > Coastal Processes > Shorelines

1.6.1.1 Theme Keyword Thesaurus: None
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: vector
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: Coastal Survey map
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: topographic sheet
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: T-sheet
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: historical shoreline
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: 7.5' quadrangle
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: 3.75' quadrangle

1.6.2 Place
1.6.2.1 Place Keyword Thesaurus: U.S. Geological Survey, Index to Topographic and Other Map
Coverage: Maryland, Delaware, and District of Columbia (38076-H4-MI-99X), 22 p.
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Maryland (MD)
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Chesapeake Bay
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Delaware (DE)
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: District of Columbia (DC)
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Virginia (VA)
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: See Appendix 1 - Quad

1.7 Access Constraints: See Appendix 6.

1.8 Use Constraints: Consider the scale of the source documents (1:24,000 for Historical
Shorelines maps; 1:5,000, 1:10,000, or 1:20,000 for Coastal Survey maps) in displaying and
using the vectors.  Displaying the vectors at scales larger than those of the source documents is
bad practice.

See Appendix 6.

1.9 Point of Contact
10 Contact Information
10.1 Contact Person Primary
10.1.1 Contact Person: Lamere Hennessee
10.1.2 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5519
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: lhennessee@mgs.md.gov
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

1.11 Data Set Credit: Partial funding for the Shoreline Changes Mapping Project was provided
by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and made available through
the Tidewater Administration of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.  Additional
funding was provided by the Boating Administration of the Maryland Department of Natural
Resources.

1.13 Native Data Set Environment: 
Software: MicroImages, Inc. TNTmips, version 5.0 and later
Computer: Pentium 40.0 - MB RAM
Operating system: Microsoft Windows 95
File name: See Appendix 5 - File name.
File size: Less than 9 Mb per quad; for exact sizes, see Appendix 5 - File size.
File format: TNTmips .rvc

1.14 Cross Reference
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Maryland Geological Survey
8.2 Publication Date: 1995
8.4 Title: 1988-1990 7.5' Digital Orthophotoquads (DOQs)
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey

1.14 Cross Reference
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Maryland Geological Survey
8.2 Publication Date: 1999
8.4 Title: Shoreline Changes and Erosion Rates for the Northern Coastal Bays of Maryland:
Historical Shorelines, 1849-1989
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey

1.14 Cross Reference
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Maryland Geological Survey
8.2 Publication Date: 2000
8.4 Title: Shoreline Changes and Erosion Rates for the Southern Coastal Bays of Maryland:
Historical Shorelines, 1843-1989
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey

2 Data Quality Information
2.1 Attribute Accuracy: Attribute accuracy was not assessed.

2.2 Logical Consistency Report:
MGS checked logical consistency through a series of quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)
procedures.

Shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines maps
After being imported from AutoCAD into DOSmips, all digitized files were plotted to scale
(1:24,000) and laid over the original mylar maps on a back-lit table.  Plots were checked for
omissions, additions (e.g., double digitizing of lines or polygons), and positional accuracy (i.e.,
digitized shorelines within one pen width of source shorelines).  Errors were corrected or, if they
were irreparable, MGS re-digitized the Historical Shorelines map using the procedures in Section
2.5.2 Process Step (Hand-digitizing NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey maps).  All vector editing was
done in DOSmips, version 3.0 or later.

Shorelines digitized from Coastal Survey maps
All digitized files were plotted to scale after digitizing and laid over the source document.  Plots
were checked for omissions, additions (e.g., double digitizing of lines or polygons), locational
accuracy (i.e., digitized shorelines within one pen width of source shorelines), overshoots, and
undershoots.  Errors of omission, addition, and positional accuracy were corrected with the
digitizing software.

After the digitized shorelines were imported into the GIS, MicroImages' DOSmips, the vectors
were edited, topology was defined, and topological errors were corrected.  In the vector edit
process, overshoots and undershoots were identifiable by the presence of nodes, which indicate
the start or end points of line segments.  All nodes were manually zoomed and individually
repaired, if needed.  Consequently, all line segments connect at nodes; no segments extend or
continue past an end node. All polygons were checked for closure and, if necessary, corrected. 
Same-year shoreline vectors are free of gaps, except for those that occur at the edge of a
quadrangle or those that failed to meet positional accuracy standards (see Section 2.4.1.1).  In the
latter case, line segments were deleted from the vector set.

2.3 Completeness Report: 
The area covered includes the Maryland part of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries.  The
only exclusions were (1) shorelines located in out-of-state areas, such as the Virginia side of the
Potomac River, and (2) shorelines determined to be non-compliant with positional accuracy
standards.  Older shorelines, digitized from Historical Shorelines maps, are, for the most part,
limited to the main stem of the Bay and the tidal reaches of the Bay's major tributaries.  More
recent shorelines, digitized directly from Coastal Survey maps, generally extend further upstream
and include minor tributaries.  All mean high water (MHW) shorelines from each T-sheet were
digitized.  Areas that were non-compliant with positional accuracy standards (see Section
2.4.1.1) were deleted from the published files.  Such areas commonly included the heads of
creeks or small segments of shoreline that could not be registered correctly to the base map
(orthophotoquad).

2.4 Positional Accuracy
2.4.1 Horizontal Positional Accuracy
2.4.1.1 Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report: Coastal Survey maps meet National Map
Accuracy Standards (NMAS).  For maps published at scales larger than 1:20,000, the horizontal
accuracy standard requires that at least 90% of the points tested be accurate to within 1/30th of an
inch on the map; for maps published at scales of 1:20,000 or smaller, 1/50th of an inch.  The
Coastal Survey maps digitized as part of this project were at one of three scales: 1:5,000,
1:10,000, or 1:20,000.  At 1:5,000, 1/30th of an inch is 14 ft; at 1:10,000, 1/30th of an inch is 28
ft; at 1:20,000, 1/50th of an inch is 33 ft.  

Tic marks representing Maryland State Plane coordinates, geographic coordinates
(latitude/longitude), and/or NOS third order or higher accuracy control stations were digitized
and used to register the digital vectors.  At least four points, and generally as many as ten,
were used to register (georeference) each vector manually in DOSmips.  After registration, each
point was rechecked manually to determine if the digital product complied with NMAS. 
Products that did not comply were separated and registered in pieces until NMAS were met.  If
that proved impossible, the segments were deleted from the final file.

Ground-truthing
In terms of shoreline change, erosion is the norm in the Chesapeake Bay region; shoreline
position tends to shift landward over time.  MGS regarded accreting shorelines suspiciously. 
Such reaches were identified by later (more recent) shorelines lying seaward of earlier ones.  For
each accreting stretch, a coastal geologist first viewed aerial videography of the shoreline in
question.  If he was unable to identify a likely cause of accretion (e.g., spit migration,
bulkheading), he visited the site.  If, after that, accretion still made no sense, that section of the
shoreline was deleted from the vector file.

2.5 Lineage              
2.5.1 Source Information
2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Conkwright, R. D., compiler
8.2 Publication Date: 1975
8.4 Title: Historical Shorelines maps; See Appendix 2 - Quad
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey
8.9 Other Citation Details: See Appendix 2 - Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - ID

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 24000
2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: stable-base material (mylar)

2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content 
9 Time Period Information
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times - See Appendix 2 - Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - Date
9.3 Range of Dates/Times
9.3.1 Beginning Date: 1841
9.3.3 Ending Date: 1943
2.5.1.4.1 Source Currentness Reference: shoreline date indicated in map legend

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: Historical Shorelines (CZM) map
2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Shorelines depicted on Historical Shorelines (CZM) maps provided
the earliest, accurately mapped shoreline positions available for the Chesapeake Bay region.  The
main advantages of using Historical Shorelines maps in lieu of the original Coastal Survey maps
were (1) the obsolete datums on which the original Coastal Survey maps were based had already
been converted to NAD27 and (2) the Historical Shorelines maps, compiled by MGS, were
readily available at no cost.  The main disadvantage in their use was that Historical Shorelines
maps were derivative products.  Any errors introduced in transferring the original Coastal Survey
shoreline to the USGS base map are also present in the digital file.

With two exceptions, shorelines depicted on the Historical Shorelines maps were digitized and
included in the set of historical shorelines for each of the 7.5' quads in this vector data set.  The
two exceptions were:
o Base map (i.e., USGS topographic quad) shorelines were never digitized;
o If the date of the most recent Coastal Survey map available for a quad coincided with that of a
shoreline depicted on a Historical Shorelines map, only the Coastal Survey map was digitized.

2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service
(NOAA/NOS), formerly the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
8.2 Publication Date: 1934-1976
8.4 Title: Topographic (T-) Sheets or Coastal Survey maps
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration (NOAA)

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 5,000, 10,000, or 20,000 (See Appendix 3 - Scale)
2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: stable-base material (bromide or mylar)

2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content
9 Time Period Information
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times - See Appendix 3 - Date(s) of photography and/or field edit
9.3 Range of Dates/Times
9.3.1 Beginning Date: 1934
9.3.3 Ending Date: 1976
2.5.1.4.1 Currentness Reference: ground condition on date of photography or field edit,
whichever was later

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey map
2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Shorelines depicted on NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey maps provided
the most recent shoreline positions available for the Chesapeake Bay region.  Digitized directly
from the Coastal Survey maps, these shoreline vectors are part of the set of historical shorelines
for each of the quads in this data set.

2.5.2 Process Step (Digitizing Historical Shorelines (CZM) maps)
2.5.2.1 Process Description:  
Digitizing
Shorelines depicted on Historical Shorelines maps were digitized by the Image Processing and
Remote Sensing Center at Salisbury State University (SSU) using AutoCAD.  In addition to the
inked shorelines, SSU digitized two sets of tics: (1) the four neatline corners (latitude/longitude,
NAD27) and (2) four pairs of tics, one pair on either side of a neatline corner and each tic
representing the intersection of a UTM (NAD27) grid line with the neatline.  The
latitude/longitude tics were later used to georeference the vectors.

Importing
AutoCAD files were imported as .DXF CAD objects into DOSmips and converted to .rvf files.

Georeferencing
Shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines maps were implicitly georeferenced in DOSmips
to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) (NAD83, zone 18, meters) by dragging the vector's
digitized corner tics (NAD27) over a previously registered raster image of the corresponding
orthophotoquad.  The corner tics of the vector were carefully positioned over the dashed black
corner tics ( "+") of the raster.  Embedded in the original orthophotography, the raster tics
represent NAD27 neatline corners.  Following format conversion (see next step), files were
converted yet again from UTM to Maryland State Plane coordinates (NAD83, meters) using a
TNTmips (version 6.2) warping routine.  (During the course of the project, all work was done in
UTM.coordinates.  Maryland state agencies subsequently adopted the Maryland State Plane
Coordinate System - NAD83, meters - as a standard, hence, the final conversion.)

Format conversion
During the course of the project, MicroImages radically revised its software, developing a new
proprietary format - TNTmips .rvc.  Shoreline vectors that had been georeferenced and edited in
the original DOSmips .rvf format, were converted by an internal TNTmips routine to .rvc format.

2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation:  Historical Shorelines (CZM) map
2.5.2.3 Process Date: Unknown

2.5.2 Process Step (Hand-digitizing NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey maps)
2.5.2.1 Process Description: NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey maps for the Western Shore and five of
the lower Eastern Shore quads (See Appendix 3 - Set = 1) were digitized on a Calcomp
9100-series digitizer - a 48" x 36" tablet, adjustable in the vertical direction with full tilt capacity,
with a 16-button, unmagnified cursor (zero parallax; 4 mil cross hairs).  Digitizer accuracy, as
reported by the manufacturer, is ñ 0.0053" with a precision of 0.025 mm.
  
Maps were digitized using one of two software packages: GSMAP, versions 7.0 or 8.0, or
AutoCAD, versions 10.0 - 12.0.

Digitizer set-up (GSMAP)
Registration points were selected.  These were usually the four corners of the T-sheet neatline,
defined by geographic coordinates (latitude/longitude).  If a neatline boundary coincided with a
15' or 45' parallel or meridian, the nearest whole degree or 30' line was chosen instead.  If the
width of the neatline exceeded 4 mils, the width of the cursor cross hairs, self-adhesive mylar
was attached to the corners of the source document.  A cross hair was inscribed into the mylar
with an Exacto knife, so that the exact location could be revisited.  Coordinates of the registration
points were entered into GSMAP, then the points themselves were digitized.  GSMAP provides
true map scale and warns the user if map scale error exceeds an acceptable percentage (2%). 
Such a warning resulted in rejection of the set-up.  Map scales that approximated true scale were
retained, and the registration tics were revisited as points in digitizing mode.  Coordinates of the
digitized points were listed on-screen.  If the latitude and longitude of the points matched the
input registration coordinates, the set-up was accepted and the map was digitized.  If any one
corner exceed 60 ft in one direction or 30 ft in both directions, the set-up was discarded and
attempted again.  If no acceptable set-up could be achieved, usually because of media distortion
(i.e., expansion or shrinkage), the map was digitized as a Cartesian file in AutoCAD.

Digitizing
Maps were digitized using the manual method of point input, which allows the user to place
points in a non-uniform fashion, increasing point density where natural features are complexly
curved.  Computer operators, using AutoCAD as a digitizing package, employed the multiple
polyline command, which allows the digitizer to connect both line and curve segments by their
vertices.   The seaward edge of the shoreline was digitized at all times.

Checking the line work
AutoCAD and GSMAP files were plotted to scale on mylar or translucent bond using a Houston
Instruments DMP-60DL plotter (resolution to 0.001") equipped with a 0.25 mm pen.  All
digitized features were checked for positional accuracy.  Only lines within one pen width of the
manuscript line were accepted.  Plots were also checked for omissions, additions,
double-digitized lines, and accurate tic placement.  Digitized work that was deemed unacceptable
was edited and replotted until an acceptable check plot was achieved.

Importing
Maps digitized in GSMAP were imported as .ASC files into MicroImages' DOSmips and
converted to MicroImages' proprietary .rvf format.  Files digitized using AutoCAD were
imported as .DXF CAD objects into DOSmips and converted to .rvf files.

Georeferencing
Shorelines digitized manually from Coastal Survey maps were initially registered to Maryland
State Plane coordinates (NAD27).  Using the DOSmips function MAP PROJECTION /
MANUAL, a computer operator manually georeferenced the vectors by positioning an on-screen
cross hair (cursor) over a tic mark and assigning coordinates to the point.  Following manual
registration and vector editing (see below), an internal DOSmips routine converted Maryland
State Plane coordinates to UTM (NAD83, zone 18, meters).  Following format conversion (see
below), files were converted yet again from UTM to Maryland State Plane coordinates (NAD83,
meters) using a TNTmips (version 6.2) warping routine.

Editing, classifying, merging, and clipping the vectors
After georeferencing, the vectors were edited or "cleaned" (i.e., overshoots and undershoots were
repaired), assigned attributes, merged into quad coverage, and "extracted" (i.e., clipped to quad
boundaries).  Then, the files were converted internally to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM),
NAD83.

Format conversion
MicroImages' DOSmips (.rvf) files were later converted to MicroImages' TNTmips (.rvc format). 
Then, the files were converted internally to Maryland State Plane coordinates (NAD83, meters).

2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: NOS Coastal Survey map
2.5.2.3 Process Date: 1991-1999

2.5.2 Process Step (Automatically digitizing NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey maps)
2.5.2.1 Process Description: Except for five lower Eastern Shore quads, NOAA/NOS Coastal
Survey maps for the Eastern Shore (See Appendix 3 - Set = 2), were digitized at NOAA in
cooperation with MGS.  Sections of a NOAA work plan for digitizing the most recent version of
the agency's T-sheets is reproduced in Appendix 4.  Although actual practice may have deviated
from the planned procedure, MGS is unaware of any such changes.
 
Importing
NOAA supplied an ArcInfo .e00 file, which MGS imported into TNTmips (version 5.5).

Georeferencing
Shorelines derived from Coastal Survey maps were automatically assigned a georeference
subobject - UTM (Implied georeference to Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 18, NAD83,
meters) - when they were imported into TNTmips.  Files were subsequently converted from
UTM to Maryland State Plane coordinates (NAD83, meters) using a TNTmips (version 6.2)
warping routine.

2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey map
2.5.2.3 Process Date: 1997
          


3 Spatial Data Organization Information
3.2 Direct Spatial Reference Method: Vector


4 Spatial Reference Information
4.1 Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
4.1.2 Planar
4.1.2.2 Grid Coordinate System
4.1.2.2.1 Grid Coordinate System Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
4.1.2.2.4 State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)
4.1.2.2.4.1 SPCS Zone Identifier: 1900

4.1.2.4 Planar Coordinate Information
4.1.2.4.1 Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: coordinate pair
4.1.2.4.2 Coordinate Representation (Shortest Line)
4.1.2.4.2.1 Abscissa Resolution:
4.1.2.4.2.2 Ordinate Resolution:

4.1.2.4.4 Planar Distance Units: meters

4.1.4 Geodetic Model
4.1.4.1 Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1983
4.1.4.2 Ellipsoid Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
4.1.4.3 Semi-major Axis: probably 6378137
4.1.4.4 Denominator of Flattening Ratio: probably 298.257

4.2 Vertical Coordinate System Definition
4.2.2 Depth System Definition
4.2.2.1 Depth Datum Name: Mean high water


5 Entity and Attribute Information
5.1 Detailed Description
5.1.1 Entity Type
5.1.1.1 Entity Type Label: Shoreline
5.1.1.2 Entity Type Definition:
"Along all coasts, the datum of mean high water is used as the plane of reference for the
shoreline - the dividing line between land and sea...(T)he datum of mean high water at any place
may be defined simply as the average height of the high waters at that place over a period of 19
years."
5.1.1.3 Entity Type Definition Source: Shalowitz, A.L., 1964, Shore and Sea Boundaries: U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Publication 10-1, Vol. 2, p. 64-66.

5.1.2 Attribute
5.1.2.1 Attribute Label: Shoreline year and source, in _XXXXYYYYY or
_XXXXYYYYYZZZZZ format, where XXXX = shoreline year and YYYYY and ZZZZZ = ID
of source document.

5.1.2.2 Attribute Definition: For shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines and Coastal
Survey maps, the line attribute table CLASS contains a single field, Class.  Instances of that field
represent a concatenation of (a) the year in which the shoreline was surveyed or photographed
and (b) the ID(s) of the source documents from which the shoreline was digitized (e.g.,
_186300012,  _194308284, _19420854408545).

The first character is an underscore ( "_"), because DOSmips disallowed attribute labels
beginning with a number.  Characters 2-5 are the shoreline year.  For shorelines digitized from
Historical Shorelines maps, the year corresponds to the shoreline date (year only) on the map
legend.  For shorelines digitized directly from Coastal Survey maps, the year was determined
from information printed on the collar of the published map.  The year represents either the date
of photography or the date of field edit, whichever was more recent.  In cases of multiple dates of
photography, the most recent of these years was used.  (For many of the Coastal Survey maps,
Appendix 3 contains the month as well as the year of photography and/or field edit.)

The ID of the document from which the shoreline was digitized was appended to the year, as
characters 6-10.  If an ID consisted of fewer than five characters, the left-most digits were
zero-filled.  For Historical Shorelines maps, the CZM number was appended to the year (e.g.,
CZM Map 12A  was represented as "00012"); for Coastal Survey maps, the numerical part of the
ID, minus "T-" or "TP-", was appended to the year (e.g., T-8284 was represented as "08284").

Sometimes, the most recent NOS shoreline for a particular quad was extracted from two
adjoining Coastal Survey maps of the same date.  In such cases, the digitized shorelines
commonly required minor adjustments to match edges.  If the computer operator inserted a line
segment to join the two shorelines, she added the IDs of both source documents to the attribute
label for the join.  Thus, the label "_19420854408545" would be assigned to the segment of the
1942 shoreline representing the join between the shorelines extracted from Coastal Survey maps
T-8544 and T-8545.

5.1.2.3 Attribute Definition Source: Maryland Geological Survey
5.1.2.4 Attribute Domain Values
5.1.2.4.4 Unrepresentable Domain: As explained in Section 5.1.2.2 Attribute Definition, the
attribute label is a concatenation of two pieces of information - the shoreline year and the ID(s)
of the source documents.  Theoretically, it is possible to create an enumerated domain, but the
instances are too numerous to list.  Rather, refer to Appendix 2, which provides the shoreline
year and ID of each source.

5.2 Overview Description
5.2.1 Entity and Attribute Overview
TNTmips creates "objects" within larger "project" or .rvc files.  For each 3.75' or 7.5' quad,
shoreline vectors are grouped by year.  Each shoreline-year group comprises a separate TNTmips
object.  For example, the file BETTE_SL.rvc contains all of the shorelines for the 7.5' Betterton
quad.  The following objects exist within this project file:
_1845 - (1) 1845 shoreline from CZM Map 48A
_1943 - (2) 1943 shoreline from T-8284
_1976 - (3) 1976 shoreline from TP-00959 and TP-00963

"Sub-objects," including line attribute tables, are associated with each object.  For shorelines
digitized from Historical Shorelines maps (indicated by "...shoreline from CZM Map #A") and
Coastal Survey maps (indicated by "...shoreline from T-#" or "...shoreline from TP-#"), a line
attribute table CLASS exists for each object.  Line attributes consist of a concatenation of the
shoreline year and source.  See Section 5.1 for a detailed description of these attributes.


6 Distribution Information
6.1 Distributor
10 Contact Information
10.2 Contact Organization Primary
10.2.1 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5500
10.7 Contact Facsimilie Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.9 Hours of Service: 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. EST

6.2 Resource Description: CD-ROM - SL_RVC

6.3 Distribution Liability: See Appendix 6.

6.4 Standard Order Process
6.4.1 Non-digital Form: The shoreline vectors were displayed over 1988-1990 orthophotoquads
and printed as a paper map series, Shoreline Changes.  A Shoreline Changes map is available for
each of the quads listed in Appendix 1.  Each map is $7.50, plus postage and shipping.  To order
copies, contact the Publication Sales office at the Maryland Geological Survey (Telephone: (410)
554-5505).

6.4.2 Digital Form
6.4.2.1 Digital Transfer Information
6.4.2.1.1 Format Name: RVC (MicroImages' proprietary Raster-Vector-CAD format)
6.4.2.1.2 Format Version Number: MicroImages' TNTmips version 5.0 or later
6.4.2.1.6 File Decompression Technique: No compression applied
6.4.2.1.7 Transfer Size: Less than 9 Mb/quad; see Appendix 5 - File size.

6.4.2.2 Digital Transfer Option
6.4.2.2.1 Online Option
6.4.2.2.1.1 Computer Contact Information
6.4.2.2.1.1.1 Network Address
6.4.2.2.1.1.1.1 Network Resource Name: www.mgs.md.gov    This file server can be accessed
through anonymous ftp.

6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: CD-ROM
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ISO 9660

6.4.3 Fees: Contact the Maryland Geological Survey (Section 6.1) for current fees.

6.6 Technical Prerequisites: Device capable of reading an ISO 9660 formatted CD-ROM.  For
.RVC files, MicroImages' TNT line of software products.

                       
7 Metadata Reference Information
7.1 Metadata Date: 20000204

7.4 Metadata Contact
10 Contact Information
10.1 Contact Person Primary
10.1.1 Contact Person: Lamere Hennessee
10.1.2 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5519
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: lhennessee@mgs.md.gov
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

7.5 Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
7.6 Metadata Standard Version: Version dated 19940608
                           

APPENDIX 1
QUADRANGLES WITH SHORELINE VECTORS
                                                            
Quad, Bounding coordinates (West, East, North, South), State(s)

Alexandria,-77.125,-77,38.875,38.75,VA-DC-MD
Annapolis,-76.5,-76.375,39,38.875,MD
Baltimore East SW,-76.625,-76.5625,39.3125,39.25,MD
Baltimore East SE,-76.5625,-76.5,39.3125,39.25,MD
Baltimore West SE,-76.6875,-76.625,39.3125,39.25,MD
Barren Island,-76.375,-76.25,38.375,38.25,MD
Benedict,-76.75,-76.625,38.625,38.5,MD
Betterton,-76.125,-76,39.375,39.25,MD
Bloodsworth Island,-76.125,-76,38.25,38.125,MD
Bristol,-76.75,-76.625,38.875,38.75,MD
Broomes Island,-76.625,-76.5,38.5,38.375,MD
Cambridge,-76.125,-76,38.625,38.5,MD
Charlotte Hall,-76.875,-76.75,38.5,38.375,MD
Chestertown,-76.125,-76,39.25,39.125,MD
Church Creek,-76.25,-76.125,38.625,38.5,MD
Claiborne,-76.375,-76.25,38.875,38.75,MD
Colonial Beach North,-77,-76.875,38.375,38.25,VA-MD
Cove Point,-76.5,-76.375,38.5,38.375,MD
Crisfield,-75.875,-75.75,38,37.875,MD-VA
Curtis Bay,-76.625,-76.5,39.25,39.125,MD
Deal Island,-76,-75.875,38.25,38.125,MD
Deale,-76.625,-76.5,38.875,38.75,MD
Earleville,-76,-75.875,39.5,39.375,MD
East New Market,-76,-75.875,38.625,38.5,MD
Easton,-76.125,-76,38.875,38.75,MD
Edgewood,-76.375,-76.25,39.5,39.375,MD
Elkton,-75.875,-75.75,39.625,39.5,MD-DE
Ewell,-76.125,-76,38,37.875,MD-VA
Galena,-76,-75.875,39.375,39.25,MD
Gibson Island,-76.5,-76.375,39.125,39,MD
Golden Hill,-76.25,-76.125,38.5,38.375,MD
Great Fox Island,-76,-75.875,38,37.875,VA-MD
Gunpowder Neck,-76.375,-76.25,39.375,39.25,MD
Hanesville,-76.25,-76.125,39.375,39.25,MD
Havre de Grace,-76.125,-76,39.625,39.5,MD
Hollywood,-76.625,-76.5,38.375,38.25,MD
Honga,-76.25,-76.125,38.375,38.25,MD
Horseshoe Point,-76.5,-76.375,38.875,38.75,MD
Hudson,-76.375,-76.25,38.625,38.5,MD
Indian Head,-77.25,-77.125,38.625,38.5,MD-VA
Kedges Straits,-76.125,-76,38.125,38,MD
Kent Island,-76.375,-76.25,39,38.875,MD
King George,-77.25,-77.125,38.375,38.25,VA-MD
Langford Creek,-76.25,-76.125,39.125,39,MD
Leonardtown,-76.75,-76.625,38.375,38.25,MD
Love Point,-76.375,-76.25,39.125,39,MD
Lower Marlboro,-76.75,-76.625,38.75,38.625,MD
Marion,-75.875,-75.75,38.125,38,MD
Mathias Point,-77.125,-77,38.5,38.375,MD-VA
Mechanicsville,-76.75,-76.625,38.5,38.375,MD
Middle River,-76.5,-76.375,39.375,39.25,MD
Millington,-75.875,-75.75,39.375,39.25,MD-DE
Monie,-75.875,-75.75,38.25,38.125,MD
Mount Vernon,-77.125,-77,38.75,38.625,VA-MD
Nanjemoy,-77.25,-77.125,38.5,38.375,MD
Nanticoke,-76,-75.875,38.375,38.25,MD
North Beach,-76.625,-76.5,38.75,38.625,MD
North East,-76,-75.875,39.625,39.5,MD
Oxford,-76.25,-76.125,38.75,38.625,MD
Perryman,-76.25,-76.125,39.5,39.375,MD
Piney Point,-76.625,-76.5,38.25,38.125,MD-VA
Point Lookout,-76.375,-76.25,38.125,38,MD
Point No Point,-76.375,-76.25,38.25,38.125,MD
Popes Creek,-77,-76.875,38.5,38.375,MD
Port Tobacco,-77.125,-77,38.625,38.5,MD
Preston,-76,-75.875,38.75,38.625,MD
Prince Frederick,-76.625,-76.5,38.625,38.5,MD
Quantico,-77.375,-77.25,38.625,38.5,VA-MD
Queens-town,-76.25,-76.125,39,38.875,MD
Richland Point,-76.25,-76.125,38.25,38.125,MD
Rock Hall,-76.25,-76.125,39.25,39.125,MD
Rock Point,-76.875,-76.75,38.375,38.25,MD
Round Bay,-76.625,-76.5,39.125,39,MD
Saxis,-75.75,-75.625,38,37.875,VA-MD
Solomons Island,-76.5,-76.375,38.375,38.25,MD
South River,-76.625,-76.5,39,38.875,MD
Sparrows Point,-76.5,-76.375,39.25,39.125,MD
Spesutie,-76.125,-76,39.5,39.375,MD
St. Clements Island,-76.75,-76.625,38.25,38.125,MD-VA
St. Georges Island,-76.5,-76.375,38.125,38,MD-VA
St. Marys City,-76.5,-76.375,38.25,38.125,MD
St. Michaels,-76.25,-76.125,38.875,38.75,MD
Stratford Hall,-76.875,-76.75,38.25,38.125,VA-MD
Swan Point,-76.375,-76.25,39.25,39.125,MD
Taylors Island,-76.375,-76.25,38.5,38.375,MD
Terrapin Sand Point,-76,-75.875,38.125,38,MD
Tilghman,-76.375,-76.25,38.75,38.625,MD
Trappe,-76.125,-76,38.75,38.625,MD
Wetipquin,-75.875,-75.75,38.375,38.25,MD
Widewater,-77.375,-77.25,38.5,38.375,VA-MD
Wingate,-76.125,-76,38.375,38.25,MD


APPENDIX 2
SOURCES OF SHORELINE DATA, BY QUAD

Quad
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map(s) ID - Date
Coastal Survey maps
ID * (Set) - Date**

Alexandria
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 1A - 1862
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00318 (1)  - 1973, 1974 (F); 1972 (P)
TP-00319 (1)  - 1974 (F); 1972 (P)

Annapolis
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 30A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5341 (1),1933, 1934 (P)
T-5344 (1),1934 (P)
T-5347 (1),1934 (P)
T-12660 (1),1965 (P)
T-12661 (1),1965 (P)
TP-00965 (1),1976 (P)

Baltimore East 3 - SW
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00837 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00838 (1),1975 (F); 1975 (P)

Baltimore East 4 - SE
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00838 (1),1975 (F); 1975 (P)
TP-00839 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)

Baltimore West 4 - SE
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00836 (1),1974 (F); 1974 (P)

Barren Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 71A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8117 (1),1942 (P)

Benedict
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 25A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8547 (1),1944 (F); 1937, 1938, 1943 (P)
T-8548 (1),1942 (P)
T-8549 (1),1942 (P)

Betterton
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 48A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8284 (2),1943 (F); 1937 (P)
TP-00959 (2),1976 (P)
TP-00963 (2),1976 (P)

Bloodsworth Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8135 (2),1942 (P)

Bristol
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8254 (1),1944 (F); 1938, 1942, 1943 (P)
T-8550 (1),1942 (P)

Broomes Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 23A - 1860
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8544 (1),1942 (P)
T-8545 (1),1942 (P)
T-8546 (1),1942 (P)
T-11793 (1),1960 (P)

Cambridge
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 66A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5808 (1),1940 (P)
T-8243 (2),1943 (F); 1938 (P)

Charlotte Hall
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 10A - 1868
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8112 (1),1942 (P)
T-10911 (1),1959 (P)

Chestertown
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 52A - 1846
Coastal Survey maps - None

Church Creek
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 65A - 1841
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8242 (2),1942 (P)

Claiborne
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 58A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5708 (1),1937 (P)
T-5723 (1),1937 (P)
T-8257 (2),1942 (F)
T-11717 (2),1961 (F); 1960 (P)

Colonial Beach North
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 12A - 1863, 1942
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8114 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)
T-10915 (1),1958, 1961 (P)
T-10916 (1),1961 (F); 1958, 1959 (P)
T-10921 (1),1958 (P)


Cove Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 97A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8111 (1),1942 (P)
T-8544 (1),1942 (P)

Crisfield
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 86A - 1851
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8161 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)

Curtis Bay
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 35A - 1846, 1934
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00841,1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00842,1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00843,1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00845,1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00846,1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00848,1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00849,1975 (F); 1974 (P)

Deal Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 79A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8134 (2),1942 (P)

Deale
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 29A - 1846, 1934
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5347 (1),1934 (P)
T-5348 (1),1934 (P)
T-8255 (1),1944 (F); 1938, 1942 (P)

Earleville
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 46A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5659 (1),1937 (P)
T-5660 (1),1937 (P)
TP-00960 (2),1976 (P)

East New Market
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 67A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5808 (1),1940 (P)
T-8244 (2),1944 (F); 1938, 1942 (P)

Easton
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 60A - 1900
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8259 (2),1942 (F)


Edgewood
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 40A - 1846
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00640 (1),1974 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00641 (1),1974 (F); 1972 (P)
TP-00958 (1),1976 (P)

Elkton
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 44A - 1845, 1938
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00957 (2),1976 (P)

Ewell
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 84A - 1849, 1942
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8163 (2),1942 (F)

Galena
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 49A - 1846 
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5659 (1),1937 (P)
T-5660 (1),1937 (P)
T-8285 (2),1943 (F); 1937,    1942 (P)
TP-00960 (2),1976 (P)

Gibson Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 32A - 1845, 1898, 1942
Coastal Survey maps:
T-12660 (1),1965 (P)
T-12955 (1),1965 (P)
TP-00850 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00964 (1),1976 (P)
TP-00965 (1),1976 (P)

Golden Hill
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 70A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8109 (2),1942 (P)

Great Fox Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 85A - 1849, 1942
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8162 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)

Gunpowder Neck
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 39A - 1846, 1933
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00640 (1),1974 (P)
TP-00641 (1),1974 (F); 1972 (P)
TP-00642 (1),1974 (F); 1972 (P)
TP-00643 (1),1974 (F); 1972 (P)


Hanesville
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 47A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00958 (1),1976 (P)
TP-00959 (1),1976 (P)
TP-00963 (1),1976 (P)

Havre de Grace
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 42A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00956 (1),1976 (P)

Hollywood
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 22A - 1848, 1942
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8442,1938, 1942 (P)
T-8543,1942 (P)
T-8544,1942 (P)
T-8545,1942 (P)

Honga,
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 72A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8118 (2),1942 (P)

Horseshoe Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 29A - 1846
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 58A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5347 (1),1934 (P)
T-5723 (1),1937 (P)
T-8255 (1),1944 (F); 1938, 1942 (P)
T-8257,1942 (F); 1942, 1943 (P) 

Hudson (formerly Sharps Island)
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 64A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8241 (2),1942 (P)

Indian Head
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 4A - 1862
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00324 (1),1973 (F); 1971 (P)
TP-00325 (1),1973 (F); 1971 (P)
TP-00327 (1),1973 (F); 1971 (P)

Kedges Straits
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8149 (2),1942 (F)

Kent Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 56A - 1844
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8266 (2),1942 (F)
T-11716 (2),1961 (F); 1960 (P)
TP-00965 (2),1976 (P)

King George
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 11A - 1862, 1903
Coastal Survey maps:
T-10912 (1),1958, 1959, 1961 (P)
TP-00332 (1),1972 (F); 1971 (P)

Langford Creek
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 54A - 1846
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8273 (2),1942 (F)

Leonardtown
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
T-10652 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10653 (1),1955, 1958 (P)

Love Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 53A - 1846, 1942
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00965 (2),1976 (P)

Lower Marlboro
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 26A - 1859
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8549 (1),1942 (P)
T-8550 (1),1942 (P)

Marion
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 83A - 1852
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8151 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)

Mathias Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 8A - 1862, 1904
Coastal Survey maps:
T-10904 (1),1958, 1961 (P)
T-10905 (1),1958, 1959, 1961 (P)
T-10907 (1),1958, 1961 (P)
T-10908 (1),1958, 1959, 1961 (P)

Mechanicsville
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 24A - 1860
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8545 (1),1942 (P)
T-8546 (1),1942 (P)
T-8547 (1),1944 (F); 1937, 1938, 1943 (P)

Middle River
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 36A - 1847, 1936
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00640 (1),1974 (P)
TP-00642 (1),1974 (F); 1972 (P)
TP-00851 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00961 (1),1976 (P)

Millington
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5660 (1),1937 (P)
TP-00960 (2),1976 (P)

Monie
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 80A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8133 (2),1942 (P)

Mount Vernon
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 2A - 1862, 1939
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00321 (1),1974 (F); 1972 (P)
TP-00322 (1),1974 (F); 1972 (P)
TP-00325 (1),1973 (F); 1971 (P)

Nanjemoy
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 7A - 1862, 1903
Coastal Survey maps:
T-10903 (1),1958, 1961 (P)
T-10906 (1),1958, 1959, 1961 (P)
TP-00332 (1),1972 (F); 1971 (P)

Nanticoke
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 74A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8120 (2),1942 (P)

North Beach
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 28A - 1847, 1934
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5348 (1),1934 (P)
T-11789 (1),1960 (P)
T-11790 (1),1960 (P)

North East
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 43A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00957 (1),1976 (P)

Oxford
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 62A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8249 (2),1942 (F)

Perryman
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 41A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00958 (1),1976 (P)
TP-00959 (1),1976 (P)

Piney Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 16A - 1868
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8139 (1),1943 (F); 1942 (P)
T-10657 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10658 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10665 (1),1955, 1958, 1959 (P)

Point Lookout
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 18A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8148 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)
T-11289 (1),1953-1955 (P)
T-11290 (1),1953-1955 (P)

Point No Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 19A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8137 (1),1943 (F); 1942 (P)
T-10660 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-11288 (1),1953-1955 (P)

Popes Creek
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 9A - 1862
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8113 (1),1943 (F); 1942 (P)
T-10909 (1),1958, 1959, 1961 (P)
T-10910 (1),1958, 1959 (P)

Port Tobacco
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 5A - 1862
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00325 (1),1973 (F); 1971 (P)

Preston
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 68A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8251 (2),1944 (F); 1940, 1943 (P)

Prince Frederick
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 27A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8548 (1),1942 (P)
T-11791 (1),1960 (P)
T-11792 (1),1960 (P)

Quantico
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 3A - 1862, 1939
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00326 (1),1972 (F); 1971 (P)

Queenstown
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 57A - 1846
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8267 (2),1942 (F)

Richland Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 77A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8136 (2),1942 (P)

Rock Hall
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 51A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8279 (2),1942 (F)
TP-00963 (2),1976 (P)

Rock Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 13A - 1868
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8115 (1),1942 (P)
T-10651 (1),1955, 1958, 1959 (P)
T-10917 (1),1958 (P)
T-10918 (1),1959 (P)
T-10922 (1),1958, 1959 (P)

Round Bay
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 33A - 1845
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5344 (1),1934 (P)
T-12954 (1),1965 (P)
T-12955 (1),1965 (P)
TP-00964 (1),1976 (P)

Saxis
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 87A - 1851, 1942
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8160 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)

Solomons Island                    
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 21A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8116,1942 (P)
T-8542,1942, 1943 (P)
T-8543,1942 (P)
T-8544,1942 (P)

South River
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 31A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5341 (1),1933, 1934 (P)
T-5344 (1),1934 (P)
T-5347 (1),1934 (P)
T-5419 (1),1934 (P)
T-8264 (1),1944 (F); 1938,    1943 (P)
T-12956 (1),1965 (P)

Sparrows Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 34A - 1846, 1934
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00844 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00847 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00850 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00852 (1),1975 (F); 1974 (P)
TP-00961 (1),1976 (P)
TP-00962 (1),1976 (P)

Spesutie
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 45A - 1846, 1938
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00959 (1),1976 (P)

St. Clements Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map - None
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8140 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)
T-10655 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10656 (1),1955, 1958 (P)

St. George Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 17A - 1858, 1943
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8147 (1),1942 (P)
T-10672 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10673 (1),1955, 1958 (P)

St. Marys City
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 20A - 1853
Coastal Survey maps:
T-10659 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10660 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10666 (1),1955, 1958 (P)
T-10667 (1),1955, 1958 (P)

St. Michaels
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 59A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5708 (1),1937 (P)
T-8258 (2),1942 (F)

Stratford Hall
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 14A - 1868, 1943
Coastal Survey maps:
T-10654 (1),1955, 1958 (P)

Swan Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 50A - 1846, 1938
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00962 (2),1976 (P)

Taylors Island
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 69A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8110 (2),1942 (F)

Terrapin Sand Point
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 82A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps: 
T-8150 (1),1942 (F); 1942 (P)

Tilghman
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 61A - 1847
Coastal Survey maps:
T-5723 (1),1937 (P)
T-8248 (2),1942 (F)

Trappe
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 63A - 1848
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8250 (2),1942 (F)

Wetipquin
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 75A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8121 (2),1942 (P)

Widewater
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 6A - 1862, 1904
Coastal Survey maps:
TP-00329 (1),1972 (F); 1971 (P)
TP-00331 (1),1972 (F); 1971 (P)

Wingate
Historical Shorelines (CZM) map 73A - 1849
Coastal Survey maps:
T-8119 (2),1942 (P)

* The numbers in parentheses following the ID indicate the method of digitizing:  (1)
hand-digitized using GSMAP or AutoCAD and (2) vectorized using CADCORE

** The letters in parentheses following the date indicate (F) the date of field edit and (P) the date  
of photography


APPENDIX 3
DIGITIZED COASTAL SURVEY MAPS             

Appendix 3 contains information about the Coastal Survey maps that were digitized to generate
the most recent shorelines available from NOAA.  The table lists:  
o The ID of the Coastal Survey map (T- or TP-sheet).
o The date on which aerial photography was flown and/or the date of the field edit.
The most recent of these dates corresponds to the date assigned as an attribute to the shoreline
vector.
o The scale of the original T-sheet.
o The 7.5-minute quadrangles lying entirely or partly within the T-sheet.  Even though the  
boundaries of a quad fall within those of a particular T-sheet, the T-sheet shoreline may not be
included in the vector set that corresponds to the quad.  In particular, there may be no reach of
shoreline for the section of the quad covered by the T-sheet.
o The primary agency, either MGS or NOAA, responsible for digitizing the T-sheet.
o The set of Shoreline Changes maps for which the T-sheet was digitized (1=Western Shore  
plus five quads covering the Big Annemessex watershed; 2=Eastern Shore, except for the Big  
Annemessex quads).  Shorelines for the two sets were digitized differently.  MGS manually  
digitized Set 1 shorelines using a Calcomp digitizer; NOAA derived Set 2 shorelines by  
automatic raster to vector conversion (See Section 2.5).

Coastal Survey map ID
Date of photography (P) and/or Field Edit (F) - YYYYMMDD
Scale (1: )
Quads covered
Digitized by..., Set

T-5341
19331128 (P),19340428 (P)
10000
Annapolis, Gibson Island, Round Bay, South River
MGS,1

T-5344
19340428 (P)
10000
Annapolis, Gibson Island, Round Bay, South River
MGS,1

T-5347
19340428 (P),19340508 (P),19340518 (P)
10000
Annapolis, Deale, Horseshoe Point, South River
MGS,1

T-5348
19340428 (P),19340508 (P)
10000
Deale, North Beach
MGS,1

T-5419
19340518 (P)
10000
Bowie, Odenton, Round Bay, South River
MGS,1

T-5659
19370430 (P)
10000
Earleville, Galena
MGS,2

T-5660
19370430 (P)
10000
Cecilton, Earleville, Galena, Millington
MGS,2

T-5708
19370501 (P),19370708 (P)
10000
Claiborne, St. Michaels
MGS,2

T-5723
19370501 (P),19370606 (P),19370708 (P)
10000
Claiborne, East of North Beach, Horseshoe Point, Tilghman
MGS,1,2

T-5808
19401203 (P)
10000
Cambridge, East New Market
MGS,2

T-8109
1942 (P)
20000
Golden Hill
NOAA,2

T-8110
1942 (F)
20000
Taylors Island
NOAA,2

T-8111
194204 (P)
20000
Cove Point
MGS,1

T-8112
194204 (P)
20000
Charlotte Hall
MGS,1

T-8113
1943 (F)
20000
Popes Creek
MGS,1

T-8114
194204 (P)
20000
Colonial Beach North
MGS,1

T-8115
194204 (P)
20000
Rock Point
MGS,1

T-8116
1938 (P),1942 (P),1944 (F)
20000
Solomons Island
MGS,1

T-8117
1942 (P)
20000
Barren Island
MGS,1,NOAA,2

T-8118
1942 (P)
20000
Honga
NOAA,2

T-8119
1942 (P)
20000
Wingate
NOAA,2

T-8120
1942 (P)
20000
Nanticoke
NOAA,2

T-8121
1942 (P)
20000
Wetipquin
NOAA,2

T-8133
1942 (P)
20000
Monie
NOAA,2

T-8134
1942 (P)
20000
Deal Island
NOAA,2

T-8135
1942 (P)
20000
Bloodsworth Island
NOAA,2

T-8136
1942 (P)
20000
Richland Point
NOAA,2

T-8137
1943 (F)
20000
Point No Point
MGS,1

T-8139
1943 (F)
20000
Piney Point
MGS,1

T-8140
1943 (F)
20000
St. Clements Island
MGS,1

T-8147
1942 (F)
20000
St. George Island
MGS,1

T-8148
1942 (F)
20000
Point Lookout
MGS,1

T-8149
1942 (F)
20000
Kedges Straits
NOAA,2

T-8150
194208 (P)
20000
Terrapin Sand Point
MGS,1,NOAA,2

T-8151
1942 (F)
20000
Marion
MGS,1,NOAA,2

T-8160
1942 (F)
20000
Saxis
MGS,1,NOAA,2

T-8161
1942 (F)
20000
Crisfield
MGS,1,NOAA,2

T-8162
1942 (F)
20000
Great Fox Island
MGS,1,NOAA,2

T-8163
1942 (F)
20000
Ewell
NOAA,2

T-8241
194208 (P),194209 (P)
20000
Hudson
NOAA,2

T-8242
194207 (P),194208 (P)
20000
Church Creek
NOAA,2

T-8243
1938 (P),1943 (F)
20000
Cambridge
NOAA,2

T-8244
1938 (P),1942 (P),1944 (F)
20000
East New Market
NOAA,2

T-8248
1942 (F)
20000
Tilghman
NOAA,2

T-8249
1942 (F)
20000
Oxford
NOAA,2

T-8250
1942 (F)
20000
Trappe
NOAA,2

T-8251
1940 (P),1943 (P),1944 (F)
20000
Preston
NOAA,2

T-8254
1938 (P),1942 (P),1943 (P),1944 (F)
20000
Bristol
MGS,1

T-8255
1938 (P),1942 (P),1944 (F)
20000
Deale, Horseshoe Point
MGS,1

T-8257
1942 (F)
20000
Claiborne
MGS,1,NOAA,2

T-8258
1942 (F)
20000
St. Michaels
NOAA,2

T-8259
1942 (F)
20000
Easton
NOAA,2

T-8264
1938 (P),1942 (P),1943 (P),1944 (F)
20000
South River
MGS,1

T-8266
1942 (F)
20000
Kent Island
NOAA,2

T-8267
1942 (F)
20000
Queenstown
NOAA,2

T-8273
1942 (F)
20000
Langford Creek
NOAA,2

T-8279
1942 (F)
20000
Rock Hall
NOAA,2

T-8284
1937 (P),1943 (F)
20000
Betterton
NOAA,2

T-8285
1937 (P),1942 (P),1943 (F)
20000
Galena
NOAA,2

T-8442
1938 (P),1942 (P)
20000
Hollywood, Leonardtown
MGS,1

T-8542
19421127 (P),19431230 (P)
10000
Barren Island, Solomons Island
MGS,1

T-8543
19421127 (P)
10000
Hollywood, Solomons Island
MGS,1

T-8544
19421127 (P)
10000
Broomes Island, Cove Point, Hollywood, Solomons Island
MGS,1

T-8545
19421127 (P)
10000
Broomes Island, Hollywood, Leonardtown, Mechanicsville
MGS,1

T-8546
19421127 (P)
10000
Broomes Island, Mechanicsville
MGS,1

T-8547
19421127 (P)
10000
Benedict, Lower Marlboro, North Beach, Prince Frederick
MGS,1


T-8548
19421127 (P)
10000
Benedict, Prince Frederick
MGS,1

T-8549
19421127 (P)
10000
Benedict, Lower Marlboro
MGS,1

T-8550
19421127 (P)
10000
Bristol
Lower Marlboro
MGS,1

T-10651
19551111 (P),19580614 (P),19591005 (P)
10000
Rock Point
MGS,1

T-10652
19551111 (P),19580105 (P),19580614 (P)
10000
Leonardtown
MGS,1

T-10653
19551111 (P),19580105 (P)
10000
Hollywood, Leonardtown
MGS,1

T-10654
19551111 (P),19580614 (P)
10000
Stratford Hall
MGS,1

T-10655
19551112 (P),19580614 (P)
10000
St. Clements Island
MGS,1

T-10656
19551111 (P),19580614 (P)
10000
St. Clements Island
MGS,1

T-10657
19551111 (P),19580105 (P),19580614 (P)
10000
Piney Point
MGS,1

T-10658
19580105 (P),19580614 (P)
10000
Piney Point
MGS,1

T-10659
19551111 (P),19580105 (P)
10000
St. Marys City
MGS,1

T-10660
19551112 (P),19580105 (P)
10000
Point No Point, St. Marys City
MGS,1

T-10665
19551112 (P),19580805 (P),19590705 (P)
10000
Piney Point
MGS,1

T-10666
19551112 (P),19580805 (P)
10000
St. Marys City
MGS,1

T-10667
19551112 (P),19580105 (P),195809 (P)
10000
St. Marys City
MGS,1

T-10672
19551112 (P),19580805 (P)
10000
St. George Island
MGS,1

T-10673
19551112 (P),19580805 (P)
10000
St. George Island
MGS,1

T-10903
195805 (P),196107 (P)
10000
Nanjemoy
MGS,1

T-10904
195805 (P),196107 (P),196108 (P)
10000
Mathias Point
MGS,1

T-10905
196108 (P)
10000
Mathias Point
MGS,1

T-10906
196107 (P)
10000
Nanjemoy
MGS,1

T-10907
196108 (P)
10000
Mathias Point
MGS,1

T-10908
196108 (P)
10000
Mathias Point
MGS,1

T-10909
196108 (P)
10000
Popes Creek
MGS,1

T-10910
195805 (P),195910 (P)
10000
Popes Creek
MGS,1

T-10911
195910 (P)
10000
Charlotte Hall
MGS,1

T-10912
195805 (P),195806 (P),195910 (P),196108 (P)
10000
King George
MGS,1

T-10915
195805 (P),196108 (P)
10000
Colonial Beach North
MGS,1

T-10916
195805 (P),195910 (P),196109 (F)
10000
Colonial Beach North
MGS,1

T-10917
195805 (P),195910 (P),196109 (F)
10000
Rock Point
MGS,1

T-10918
195910 (P)
10000
Rock Point
MGS,1

T-10921
195805 (P),195904 (P)
10000
Colonial Beach North
MGS,1

T-10922
195805 (P),195910 (P)
10000
Rock Point
MGS,1

T-11288
195312 (P),195511 (P)
10000
Point No Point
MGS,1

T-11289
195312 (P),195511 (P)
10000
Point Lookout
MGS,1

T-11290
195312 (P),195511 (P)
10000
Point Lookout
MGS,1

T-11716
19600101 (P),196107 (F)
10000
Kent Island
NOAA,2

T-11717
19600101 (P),196107 (F)
10000
Claiborne
NOAA,2

T-11789
196007 (P)
10000
North Beach
MGS,1

T-11790
196007 (P)
10000
North Beach
MGS,1

T-11791
196007 (P)
10000
Prince Frederick
MGS,1

T-11792
196007 (P)
10000
Prince Frederick
MGS,1

T-11793
196007 (P)
10000
Broomes Island
MGS,1

T-12660
196507 (P)
10000
Annapolis, Gibson Island
MGS,1

T-12661
196507 (P)
10000
Annapolis
MGS,1

T-12954
196507 (P)
10000
Round Bay
MGS,1

T-12955
196507 (P)
10000
Gibson Island, Round Bay
MGS,1

T-12956
196507 (P)
5000
South River
MGS,1

TP-00318
197204 (P),197307 (F),197411 (F)
10000
Alexandria
Washington West
MGS,1

TP-00319
197204 (P),197411 (F)
10000
Alexandria
MGS,1

TP-00321
197204 (P),197410 (F)
10000
Fort Belvoir, Mount Vernon
MGS,1

TP-00322
197204 (P),197410 (F)
10000
Mount Vernon, Piscataway
MGS,1

TP-00324
1971 (P),1973 (F)
10000
Fort Belvoir, Indian Head
MGS,1

TP-00325
1971 (P),1973 (F)
10000
Fort Belvoir, Indian Head, Mount Vernon, Port Tobacco
MGS,1

TP-00326
1971 (P),1972 (F)
10000
Quantico
MGS,1

TP-00327
1971 (P),1973 (F)
10000,
Indian Head
MGS,1

TP-00329
1971 (P),1972 (F)
10000
Widewater
MGS,1

TP-00331
1971 (P),1972 (F)
10000
Passapatanzy, Widewater
MGS,1

TP-00332
1971 (P),1972 (F)
10000
King George, Nanjemoy
MGS,1

TP-00640
197410 (P),197408 (F)
10000
Edgewood, Gunpowder Neck, Middle River, White Marsh
MGS,1

TP-00641
197210 (P),197408 (F)
10000
Edgewood, Gunpowder Neck
MGS,1

TP-00642
197210 (P),197407 (F),197408 (F)
10000
Gunpowder Neck, Middle River
MGS,1

TP-00643
197210 (P),197408 (F)
10000
Gunpowder Neck
MGS,1

TP-00836
197410 (P),197409 (F)
5000
Baltimore West
MGS,1

TP-00837
197410 (P),197510 (F)
5000
Baltimore East
MGS,1

TP-00838
197510 (P),197510 (F)
5000
Baltimore East

MGS,1

TP-00839
197410 (P),197510 (F)
5000
Baltimore East
MGS,1

TP-00841
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Curtis Bay
MGS,1

TP-00842
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Curtis Bay
MGS,1

TP-00843
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Curtis Bay
MGS,1

TP-00844
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Sparrows Point
MGS,1

TP-00845
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Curtis Bay
MGS,1

TP-00846
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Curtis Bay
MGS,1

TP-00847
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Sparrows Point
MGS,1

TP-00848
197410 (P),197511 (F)
10000
Curtis Bay
MGS,1

TP-00849
197410 (P)
10000
Curtis Bay
MGS,1

TP-00850
197410 (P),197509 (F)
10000
Gibson Island, Sparrows Point
MGS,1

TP-00851
197410 (P),197511 (F)
5000
Middle River
MGS,1

TP-00852
197410 (P),197510 (F)
10000
Sparrows Point
MGS,1

TP-00956
197603 (P)
20000
Aberdeen, Havre de Grace
MGS,1

TP-00957
197603 (P)
20000
Elkton, North East
MGS,1,NOAA,2

TP-00958
197603 (P)
20000
Edgewood, Gunpowder Neck, Hanesville, Perryman
MGS,1

TP-00959
197603 (P)
20000
Betterton, Hanesville, Perryman, Spesutie
MGS,1,NOAA,2

TP-00960
197603 (P)
20000
Cecilton, Earleville, Galena, Millington
NOAA,2

TP-00961
197603 (P)
20000
Baltimore East, Curtis Bay, Middle River, Sparrows Point
MGS,1

TP-00962
1976 (P)
20000
Gibson Island, Love Point, Sparrows Point, Swan Point
MGS,1,NOAA,2

TP-00963
197603 (P)
20000
Betterton, Chestertown, Hanesville, Rock Hall
MGS,1,NOAA,2

TP-00964
197603 (P)
20000
Curtis Bay, Gibson Island, Round Bay, Sparrows Point
MGS,1

TP-00965
197603 (P)
20000
Annapolis, Gibson Island, Kent Island, Love Point
MGS,1,NOAA,2


APPENDIX 4
PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Automatically Digitizing NOAA/NOS Coastal Survey Maps
This information was taken from NOAA's Topographic Sheet Project Work Plan (Attachment 1,
dated 15 December 1993) and T-Sheet Procedures for Auto-Vectoring (P. Grose, January 5,
1994).  Although actual practice may have deviated from the planned procedure, MGS is
unaware of any such changes.

1.  Objective
This work plan describes a series of tasks and related activities to generate a very high resolution
digital shoreline data for the U.S. in both vector and raster formats.  The sources of these data are
1,400 topographic sheets (T-sheets) prepared as part of the Coastal Mapping Program of the
Coast and Geodetic Survey's Photogrammetry Branch.  The most recent version of each T-sheet
will be processed (typically, those prepared since 1970).  The T-sheets have a nominal scale of
1:20,000 (T-sheet scales range from 1:2,500 to 1:40,000), and serve as the basis for all coastal
features on nautical charts.  The digital data generated from them can be used where high
resolution and accuracy are required for coastal mapping activities.  These data represent the
highest resolution, photogrammetrically derived-shorelines available from any national mapping
agency.

A series of tasks have been defined for the acquisition, scanning, data capture, and attribution
and georeferencing of the T-sheets.  This project is being conducted cooperatively between SEA
Division of Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment and the Photogrammetry
Branch of the Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS).  A series of projects will be generated as a
result of this effort.  These will be of three types: 1) the digital raster images and their supporting
documentation in digital image format; and 2) the digital vector files, which represent the most
important components (listed below) of the raster images, and their supporting documentation;
and 3) the digital vector files saved in the Nautical Charting Division's SDDEF (Standard Digital
Data Exchange Format).


Features to be captured from T-sheets
o mean high water line
o ponds and lakes
o single line roads
o graticule
o rocks
o railroad tracks
o double line roads
o approximate mean low water line
o apparent shoreline (offshore limit of vegetation) and/or cultural shoreline
o single line rivers and creeks

6.  Quality Control
The most important goal of this project is to provide accurate duplication of the information on
the T-sheets, in the form of archived raster images from the scanner and digital vector data
captured from the images.  Several procedures will be implemented to ensure the accuracy of
scanning and data capture.

A.  The Scanner
A procedure will be implemented to routinely calibrate and focus the CONTEX and Annatek
scanners.  The results of this calibration will be logged into a data base.  C&GS will provide a
mylar sheet containing a standard georeferenced graticule grid.  Scanned images of this grid will
be used to both focus and calibrate the scanner.  As part of the procedure, operations will be
conducted to determine if slippage is occurring during the scanning, or if distortion is being
added to scanned images.  These operations will require that a portion of the graticule tics be
digitally captured and loaded into a computer program designed to assess the amount of scanner
slippage and distortion.  The scanner will be calibrated prior to and after a "group" of T-sheets
are scanned.  A "group" is a set of T-sheets that have been geographically-grouped together for
processing (approximately 20 maps).

B.  T-sheet Raster Images
The scanned raster images of the T-sheets will be visually checked to ensure that ll desired
information is present.  A set of criteria and a list of objects to check on each raster file will be
defined to ensure that the person scanning T-sheet raster images can quickly view these and
assess their completeness.  When a T-sheet is scanned, its tracking sheet will be filled out
indicating that the image of theat T-sheet was checked, including the initials of the person
performing the scanning.  Incases where the images are "dirty" due to speckles and other junk in
the images, automated procedures will be defined to clean up the images without losing any
important information.

C.  T-sheet Digital Vector Data
The digital vector data collected during image capture must, to the extent practicable, duplicate
the T-sheets (captured vector lines are inside the raster lines they represent and all desired
features are captured).  A set of specific criteria will define the specific features to be captured
and the required accuracy for capturing vector data.  Procedures to check completeness for
capturing the vector data from the images (operational macros launched within CadCore) will be
used.  In addition, a procedure will be implemented to "independently" verify the completeness
and accuracy of T-sheet vector data capture.

Once a T-sheet is captured, the vector data will be verified by one of two methods: 1) visually
browsing the vector and raster data using CadCore; or 2) overplotted the vector data on top of its
raster image on the electrostatic plotter.  The verification effort will be documented on the
T-sheet tracking form.  If the vector data match the raster image, to the extent practicable, the
vector data are ready for further processing, otherwise vector data errors will be corrected and
missing vectors will be captured before further processing will be undertaken.  A set of criteria
will be defined for vector data acceptability.

7.  Summary of Operational Procedures for Processing T-sheets
Below are presented a series of tasks for processing each of the 1,400 T-sheets.  For many tasks,
specific operations have been identified...

1) Identify Specific T-sheets to be processed.
SEA will advise C&GS on which portions of coast are a priority.  C&GS will identify the
individual T-sheets to be processed and arrange them into manageable groups of about 20 maps.

2) Request, receive, and log in acquired T-sheet and supporting documentation from archive
vaults in Riverdale, MD.
C&GS will perform this task.  After receipt of the media, they will : a) verify the descriptive and
control data in the T-sheet database and b) prepare T-sheet for scanning by either cleaning each
T-sheet carefully of by making a backup T-sheet by enlarging a microfiche or other copy of
original T-sheet, in cases where original T-sheet is unavailable.

3) Scan supporting documentation for T-sheet.
These documents will be processed at the Photogrammetry Branch Facility.  They will be
scanned using a monochrome page scanner, verified as to the adequacy and legibility of the
scanned images, and the images saved in the desired archive format.  Then the scanned images
and source documentation will be stored for later archiving under task 13.

4) Scan T-sheet at 400 dpi.
Each T-sheet will be scanned using either the CONTX or Annatech Scanners and their associated
software systems (CadImage or A-Scan) at 400 dpi.  The scanning process entails:
   1) Loading the map into the scanner,
   2) Performing a prescan to verify or set the black/white threshold intensity,
   3) Scanning the entire map, and
   4) Performing a visual quality control on the digital b/w image
When a T-sheet is scanned, a tracking form containing information about it will be completed. 
In addition, pertinent information about the T-sheet will be entered in a computer data base.  The
raster images will be locally archived on both a 660 Mbyte Magneto Optical drive and the
GeoCOAST Server.

5) Digitize T-sheet graticule points.
Each graticule intersection will be captured as a point using CadCore and the resulting point set
exported from CadCore as a GEN file for processing in task 6.

6) Evaluate the accuracy of captured graticule points.
A computer program GradAnly will access the graticule point data and assign a nominal
longitude and latitude for each captured graticule intersection based on data stored in the project
data base (extents of the map and graticule line intervals).  The program will also check both the
graticule intersection spacings and individual graticule points for locational errors based on the
expected standard graticule.  The program will analyze each set of captured graticule points and
will generate a "pass/fail" report of the analysis.  If the graticule intersections fail the analysis,
the T-sheet will be rescanned as per Task 4.  Results of graticule analysis are saved to a project
data base for reuse later during geo-referencing in Task 9.

7) Capture T-sheet data layers as vectors and points.
One data layer (feature) of the T-sheet image will be digitized at a time using CadCore capture
routines and functions.  Both interactive auto-vectorizing and heads up tracing using a mouse
controlled cursor on the screen will be used.  These are interactive procedures and will require
training and skills acquire by performance.  Preferred techniques, operations, and procedures
have been developed for each feature and will be taught to the operators during training.  The
preferred capture order of the data layers will be specified to enhance efficiency and accuracy. 
Operators will continually review their captured data superimposed on the source raster image to
ensure that they are accurately capturing the required features and that no items are omitted or
overlooked.  The amount of time required to capture each data layer will be logged on the
T-sheet tracking form.  CadCore will be used to attribute the vector data layer as it is being
captured.  To ensure that the correct "version" of the vector data file is bing used, file sizes and
dates on all back-ups will be routinely compared.

Features to be captured from T-sheets.
o mean high water line
o apparent shoreline (offshore limit of vegetation) and/or cultural shoreline
o approximate mean low water
o rock ledges or coral reef at approximate mean low water line
o rocks (as points)
o ponds and lakes
o single line rivers or inlets
o railroad tracks
o single line roads
o double line roads
o graticule intersections (as points captured in task 5)





Available features and their attribute codes are:

Feature,Code,Description,Line,Color,Width,Layer
shore,1,high water line,solid,red,10,1
shelf,2,rocky shelf or coral (low water),solid,yellow,10,1
pond,22,pond or dammed water area,solid,cyan,7,1
Tflat,3,approximate low water,dot,red,5,1
road,11,ordinary road,solid,green,7,2
highway,12,double line road,solid,light green,10,2
rail,13,railroad tracks,dash,green,7,2
grad,30,graticule lines,solid,gray,5,5
stream,21,stream,solid,cyan,6,1
other,41,will be marsh vegetation,dot,magenta,6,4
rocky,2,rocky shelf or coral (low water),solid,yellow,10,1
marsh,4,marsh or vegetation limit,dash,magenta,7,1

8) Conduct independent visual verification of the captured data.
Visual verification of the captured data will be performed using CadCore's "Browse" routines. 
The goal is to ensure the: 1) completeness of data capture' 2) accuracy of data capture; and 3)
absence of spikes and knots in the digital vector data.  Criteria will be defined for assessing the
completeness and accuracy of captured data, and a procedure will be developed recapturing bad
digital vector data.  After passing this verification, the data will be exported from the CadCore
environment as GEN format files for further processing Task 9.
The extent of the independent verification will be affected by two issues:  1) the experience of
the person capturing digital data and 2) the time required to conduct a verification.  At minimum,
each T-sheet will be selectively verified using statistical sampling of regions to be examined. 
Initially each person capturing digital data will have every T-sheet fully verified.

9) Georeference and add arc topology to each vector data file using ARC/INFO.
The captured vector data will be:
   a) moved to a RISC workstation,
   b) imported into an ARC/INFO cover,
   c) processed (build - clean - edit) to form a complete vector topography.  During the     
processing ARC/INFO will be used to locate and repair any tangles, knots or spikes in      vector
arcs CadCore did not catch.
   d) add attributes indicating what lies on either side of every arc (i.e., land, tidal or littoral     
land, and water),
   e) project vector data into Longitude/Latitude coordinates from mapped units,
   f) transform digital data as necessary from NAD27 to NAD83 using NADCON.
The results of these operations wil be the contents of the vector data to be archived.

10) Edgematch sets of T-sheets across regions and/or projects
T-sheets generated from different projects almost certainly will have mismatched shorelines. 
SEA will develop a procedure for tying these together (e.g., by adding a "prism" between
unmatched, but adjacent T-sheets).
11) Convert digital data into archive formats.
The generated digital data, both raster images and vector data sets, will be converted from local
project formats to archive formats.  Conversions will generate SDTS format for external use and
SDDEF format files for C&GS uses.

12) Create electrostatic proof plots of selected T-sheets for quality assurance.
These plots will have the captured vector data superimposed on the archive raster image for
direct comparison.  These plots can be generated either from the non-georeferenced vector data
exported from CadCore at the end of Task 8 or from the SDTS digital archive files.  The
procedures using the non-georeferenced data are:
   a) convert the raster file into a PCX file using CadImage;
   b) convert the vector files into GEN files using CadCore (Task 8 output);
   c) convert GEN files into vector coverages using ARC/INFO;
   d) convert vector coverages into plot files using ARC/INFO;
   e) convert plot files into HPGL files using ARC/INFO;
   f) use electrostatic plotter and Toucan software to overplot HPGL files onto PCX image     
files; and
   g) check plots for errors of omission and accuracy.

The procedures using the archived georeferenced data are:
   a) convert the raster file into a PCX file using CadImage;
   b) import the SDTS data into ARC/INFO;
   c) convert vector coverages to the datum used on the T-sheet using ARC/INFO;
   d) project the cover into the projection of the T-sheet and scale using the inverse of the     
scheme used to convert from CadCore units to latitude/longitude;
   e) convert vector coverages into plot files using ARC/INFO;
   f) convert plot files into HPGL files using ARC/INFO;
   g) use electrostatic plotter and Toucan software to overplot HPGL files onto PCX image     
files; and
   h) check plots for errors of omission and accuracy.

13) Transmit derived data to archives and return source data to NOS vaults.
                           

APPENDIX 5
SHORELINE VECTOR FILES

 Quad, File name*, File size (Kb)

Alexandria,ALEXA_SL.rvc,496
Annapolis,ANNAP_SL.rvc,8,892
Baltimore East SW,BALE3_SL.rvc,420
Baltimore East SE,BALE4_SL.rvc,156
Baltimore West SE,BALW4_SL.rvc,228
Barren Island,BARRE_SL.rvc,516
Benedict,BENED_SL.rvc,1,624
Betterton,BETTE_SL.rvc,884
Bloodsworth Island,BLOOD_SL.rvc,2,044
Bristol,BRIST_SL.rvc,1,368
Broomes Island,BROOM_SL.rvc,1,660
Cambridge,CAMBR_SL.rvc,1,172
Charlotte Hall,CHARL_SL.rvc,464
Chestertown,CHEST_SL.rvc,392
Church Creek,CHURK_SL.rvc,2,708
Claiborne,CLAIB_SL.rvc,1,712
Colonial Beach North,COLON_SL.rvc,1,880
Cove Point,COVEP_SL.rvc,476
Crisfield,CRISF_SL.rvc,3,848
Curtis Bay,CURTI_SL.rvc,2,364
Deal Island,DEALI_SL.rvc,2,056
Deale,DEALE_SL.rvc,2,756
Earleville,EARLE_SL.rvc,1,632
East New Market,EASTN_SL.rvc,624
Easton,EASTO_SL.rvc,604
Edgewood,EDGEW_SL.rvc,1,592
Elkton,ELKTO_SL.rvc,1,368
Ewell,EWELL_SL.rvc,1,648
Galena,GALEN_SL.rvc,1,480
Gibson Island,GIBSO_SL.rvc,2,716
Golden Hill,GOLDE_SL.rvc,2,408
Great Fox Island,GREAF_SL.rvc,1,072
Gunpowder Neck,GUNPO_SL.rvc,1,876
Hanesville,HANES_SL.rvc,904
Havre de Grace,HAVRE_SL.rvc,584
Hollywood,HOLLY_SL.rvc,892
Honga,HONGA_SL.rvc,2,308
Horseshoe Point,HORSE_SL.rvc,1,016
Hudson,HUDSO_SL.rvc,1,848
Indian Head,INDIA_SL.rvc,752
Kedges Straits,KEDGE_SL.rvc,1,408
Kent Island,KENTI_SL.rvc,2,608
King George,KINGG_SL.rvc,488
Langford Creek,LANGF_SL.rvc,1,476
Leonardtown,LEONA_SL.rvc,1,856
Love Point,LOVEP_SL.rvc,476
Lower Marlboro,LOWER_SL.rvc,1,156
Marion,MARIO_SL.rvc,2,544
Mathias Point,MATHI_SL.rvc,1,600
Mechanicsville,MECHA_SL.rvc,1,460
Middle River,MIDDR_SL.rvc,2,040
Millington,MILLI_SL.rvc,524
Monie,MONIE_SL.rvc,2,048
Mount Vernon,MOUNT_SL.rvc,864
Nanjemoy,NANJE_SL.rvc,1,008
Nanticoke,NANTI_SL.rvc,2,736
North Beach,NBEAC_SL.rvc,668
North East,NEAST_SL.rvc,812
Oxford,OXFOR_SL.rvc,1,412
Perryman,PERRY_SL.rvc,1,028
Piney Point,PINEY_SL.rvc,2,892
Point Lookout,PTLOO_SL.rvc,2,212
Point No Point,PTNOP_SL.rvc,1,084
Popes Creek,POPES_SL.rvc,1,944
Port Tobacco,PORTT_SL.rvc,280
Preston,PREST_SL.rvc,896
Prince Frederick,PRFRE_SL.rvc,592
Quantico,QUANT_SL.rvc,236
Queenstown,QUEEN_SL.rvc,1,304
Richland Point,RICHL_SL.rvc,420
Rock Hall,ROCKH_SL.rvc,932
Rock Point,ROCKP_SL.rvc,3,628
Round Bay,ROUND_SL.rvc,1,912
Saxis,SAXIS_SL.rvc,624
Solomons Island,SOLOM_SL.rvc,2,308
South River,SOUTH_SL.rvc,4,388
Sparrows Point,SPARR_SL.rvc,1,448
Spesutie,SPESU_SL.rvc,1,344
St. Clements Island,STCLE_SL.rvc,1,136
St. George Island,STGEO_SL.rvc,2,068
St. Marys City,STMAR_SL.rvc,2,088
St. Michaels,STMIC_SL.rvc,1,880
Stratford Hall,STRAT_SL.rvc,872
Swan Point,SWANP_SL.rvc,596
Taylors Island,TAYLO_SL.rvc,2,124
Terrapin Sand Point,TERRA_SL.rvc,724
Tilghman,TILGH_SL.rvc,856
Trappe,TRAPP_SL.rvc,1,072
Wetipquin,WETIP_SL.rvc,1,500
Widewater,WIDEW_SL.rvc,516
Wingate,WINGA_SL.rvc,2,436

* Files are located in directories assigned the full name of the quad.  The files themselves are
named according to the following conventions.  The first five characters are an abbreviation of
the quad name, usually the first five letters of the name.  The next three characters "_SL" indicate
that the file contains shoreline vectors.  The file extension ".rvc" denotes that the file can be read
by MicroImages' TNT line of products.


APPENDIX 6
MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
SPATIAL DATA PRODUCTS LICENSE AGREEMENT
(September 29, 1998)

THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT is made by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources,
DNR, hereinafter called Licensor, and the Purchaser of spatial data identified on the order form
of this License Agreement, hereinafter called Licensee.

Under State Government Article, Sections 10-901 et seq., of the Annotated Code of Maryland,
Licensor is the owner and/or custodian of the geographic information system data listed on the
order form of this License Agreement, hereinafter called Spatial Data. Licensor may disclose and
reproduce Spatial Data and charge fees for its products and services.

Licensee wants the non-exclusive right to use Licensor's Spatial Data.

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All rights not specifically granted in this License Agreement are reserved to Licensor. Licensor
retains exclusive title and ownership of Spatial Data and, unless otherwise noted, of the
component parts of Spatial Data, and hereby grants to Licensee a personal, nonexclusive,
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