MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SERVICE
MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Metadata
Historical Shorelines, 1843-1989
Southern Coastal Bays, Maryland
(MGS_0025)

1 Identification Information
1.1 Citation
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Maryland Geological Survey (MGS)
8.2 Publication Date: 2000
8.4 Title: Historical Shorelines, 1843-1989; Southern Coastal Bays, Maryland
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey
8.10 Online Linkage: http://mgs.md.gov
                 
1.2 Description
1.2.1 Abstract: This data set contains historical shoreline vectors for three 7.5' quadrangles
(Boxiron, Girdletree, and Whittington Point) covering the southern coastal bays of Maryland,
primarily Chincoteague Bay.  The vectors represent various shoreline positions between the
years 1843 and 1989.  Four shorelines are available for each quad.
 
Shorelines were derived from three sources: (1) maps comprising a Historical Shorelines and
Erosion Rates Atlas (Conkwright, 1975), (2) Coastal Survey maps (topographic or T-sheets)
produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS), a branch of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and (3) extraction from a digital wetlands delineation
based on 1989 digital orthophoto quarter quads (DOQQs).  Each of these sources is described in
detail in Section 1.2.3.

Digital shorelines, in MicroImages' TNTmips proprietary (.rvc) format, are stored in five files:
o  Three of the files correspond to the three 7.5' quadrangles and consist of separate objects,  
each of which represents a single shoreline year.  (A single shoreline year may have been  
derived from more than one source.)  In the metadata, these files are referred to generically as  
Quad_SL.rvc.

o  Region_SL.rvc contains all of the shorelines for all three quads.  The objects within the file  
represent single shoreline years, merged across quads.
 
o  InterpretedShorelines.rvc contains 1989 shorelines for all three quads.  These shorelines are  
identical to the 1989 shorelines that appear as objects in the three quad files, except that wide  
beaches are delineated as polygons, not simply as lines.  The three objects in this file contain  
1989 shorelines for the three quads.  These shorelines were assigned attributes based on  
shoreline type: beach, structure, vegetated, or water's edge.

File content is described in greater detail in Section 6.4.2.1.5.  All vectors are registered to the
Maryland State Plane Coordinate System (NAD83, meters).  Approximately 1-8 MB in size, files
are available on CD-ROM.  This document describes all five .rvc files and is transferred with
them in ASCII and WordPerfect 6/7/8 format.

1.2.2 Purpose:  In 1999, the Maryland Geological Survey (MGS) was awarded a Coastal Zone
Management grant to update and assess shoreline changes within Maryland's southern coastal
bays.  The objectives of the project were (a) to revise three maps from a Historical Shorelines
and Erosion Rates Atlas (Conkwright, 1975) for tidewater Maryland and (b) to quantify linear
rates of shoreline erosion and accretion.   Map revision entailed both updating the existing maps
and converting them to a digital format.  At the same time, the horizontal datum was adjusted
from the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) to the North American Datum of 1983
(NAD83).  To produce Shoreline Changes maps, MGS displayed digital shorelines, derived from
three different sources, over 7.5' orthophotoquad base maps.  The shoreline vectors depicted on
the Shoreline Changes maps were also used to calculate shoreline rates of change.

1.2.3 Supplemental Information: 
The complete data set consists of vectors (a) digitized on-screen from raster images of three
Historical Shorelines maps and ten Coastal Survey maps and (b) interpreted on-screen from nine
digital orthophoto quarter quads (DOQQs).  This document, including the appendices, serves as
metadata for all of the shoreline vector files.

Appendices:
APPENDIX 1: 7.5' QUADRANGLES - Contains the names and bounding coordinates of each of
the three 7.5' quadrangles, as well as the names and sizes of the files containing the associated
shoreline vectors.

APPENDIX 2:  SOURCES OF SHORELINE DATA, BY QUAD - Contains information
identifying the maps and digital files from which the shoreline vectors were derived, including
shoreline year.

APPENDIX 3: COASTAL SURVEY MAPS - CITATION DETAILS - Contains additional
information about the Coastal Survey maps from which certain shoreline vectors were digitized.

APPENDIX 4:  MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES (DNR)
SPATIAL DATA PRODUCTS LICENSE AGREEMENT - A copy of this agreement must be
signed by all purchasers of DNR's digital data.

Sources of Shoreline Data:
Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates Atlas
Singewald and Slaughter (1949) completed the first comprehensive survey of coastal erosion in
Maryland.  Using U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey topographic sheets, they measured changes
over a 90-year period spanning the last half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th,
along nearly 2,000 miles of shoreline bordering the Chesapeake Bay, its tributaries, and the
Atlantic coast.  Their publication, Shore Erosion in Tidewater Maryland, presented shore erosion
statistics (e.g., acreage lost, rate of loss) in tabular form for specified reaches of shoreline.

In 1975, Conkwright produced a map series - Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates - depicting
the data published in Shore Erosion in Tidewater Maryland.  Historical shorelines were compiled
from U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts dating from 1841 to 1943.  As part of the
compilation, charts based on obsolete horizontal datums were adjusted to the North American
Datum of 1927 (NAD27).  The original scale of the charts - 1:10,000 or 1:20,000 - was reduced
to 1:24,000 using a Kargl Reflection Projector.  The smaller-scale shorelines were superimposed
on U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5' topographic quadrangle base maps, then hand-traced as
dashed lines on mylar overlays.  For "thick" shorelines, the seaward edge of the charted shoreline
was traced onto the overlay (Conkwright, pers. comm.).  Shoreline position at one, two, or three
different points in time, excluding the base map shoreline, is depicted on each of the 90 quads in
the series.  For the three-quad study area, MGS digitized only the oldest (1843 or 1850)
shorelines depicted on these maps.

Coastal Survey Maps (topographic or T-sheets)
The NOS (formerly the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey) is charged with surveying the coastline
of the United States.  NOS Coastal Survey maps are generally acknowledged to be the most
accurate source of historical shoreline data (Shalowitz, 1964).  Prior to 1927, Coastal Survey
maps were based on planetable surveys; after 1927, on aerial photography.  The datum of "mean
high water (MHW)" is used as the plane of reference for the shoreline.

MGS digitized shoreline vectors from ten Coastal Survey maps, at scales of 1:10,000 or
1:20,000.  These represented shorelines for the years 1942-1963 (a 1942 and a 1961-1963
shoreline for all three quads).  Same-year T-sheet shorelines were merged and clipped to 7.5'
quad boundaries, which do not necessarily coincide with the original Coastal Survey map
boundaries.  Shorelines by T-sheet are not available.

Digital Wetlands Delineation
In addition to shorelines derived from printed maps, a 1989 shoreline was extracted from an
existing digital wetlands delineation.  The wetlands coverage, in turn was based on photo
interpretation of DNR's digital orthophoto quarter quads (Miller, 1997), which, resampled and
merged, also serve as the base of the Shoreline Changes maps.  DOQQs were compiled from
color infrared photography flown on April 12, 1989, by the National Aerial Photography
Program (NAPP).  In 3.75' quad series format with a ground resolution of 4 ft per pixel, the
digital images meet National Map Accuracy Standards at the production scale of 1:12,000, using
the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) method (Miller, 1995). 
The shoreline segments extracted from the wetlands coverage were classified using the following
four categories: beach, structure, vegetated, and water's edge.


References/Additional Information:
Conkwright, R.D. (compiler), 1975, Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates Atlas: Maryland
Geological Survey, Baltimore, MD, 4 volumes.

Hennessee, E.L., and Stott, J.A., 2000., Shoreline changes and erosion rates for the southern
coastal bays of Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore, MD, File Report 00-1.

Miller, K.M., 1995, Digital orthophoto quarter quad metadata:  Maryland Department of Natural
Resources, Annapolis, MD.

Miller, K.M., 1997, Maryland DNR wetlands inventory metadata: Maryland Department of
Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD.

Shalowitz, A.L., 1964, Shore and Sea Boundaries: U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., Publication 10-1, Vol. 2, 747 p.

Singewald, J.T., and Slaughter, T.H., 1949, Shore Erosion in Tidewater Maryland: Maryland
Department of Geology, Mines, and Mineral Resources, Baltimore, MD, Bulletin 6, 141 p.

1.3 Time Period of Content
9 Time Period Information
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times - See Appendix 2 - Historical Shorelines map - Date; Coastal Survey
map - Date; and DOQQ - Date.  For Coastal Survey maps, the date of photography is indicated
by (P) following the year(s).
9.3 Range of Dates/Times
9.3.1 Beginning Date: 1843
9.3.3 Ending Date: 1989
1.3.1 Currentness Reference: For shorelines digitized directly from Coastal Survey maps or
interpreted from DOQQs, the date represents the date of photography.

1.4 Status
1.4.1 Progress: Complete
1.4.2 Maintenance and Update Frequency: None planned

1.5 Spatial Domain
1.5.1 Bounding Coordinates
(Bounding coordinates of entire study area; see Appendix 1 for bounding coordinates of
individual quads)
1.5.1.1 West Bounding Coordinate: -075.5
1.5.1.2 East Bounding Coordinate: -075.125
1.5.1.3 North Bounding Coordinate: 38.125
1.5.1.4 South Bounding Coordinate: 38.0

1.6 Keywords
1.6.1 Theme
1.6.1.1 Theme Keyword Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory List of Valid Keywords: 
Earth Science Parameters Valid Keywords (CATEGORY > TOPIC > Term > Variable)
http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/valids/parms.html 
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > Coastal Processes > Erosion
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > Coastal Processes > Shoreline
Displacement
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > Coastal Processes > Shorelines

1.6.1.1 Theme Keyword Thesaurus: None
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: vector
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: Coastal Survey map
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: topographic sheet
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: T-sheet
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: historical shoreline
1.6.1.2 Theme Keyword: 7.5' quadrangle

1.6.2 Place
1.6.2.1 Place Keyword Thesaurus: U.S. Geological Survey, Index to Topographic and Other Map
Coverage: Maryland, Delaware, and District of Columbia (38076-H4-MI-99X), 22 p.
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: USA
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Maryland (MD)
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Worcester County (WO)
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Boxiron Quadrangle
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Girdletree Quadrangle
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Whittington Point Quadrangle
1.6.2.2 Place Keyword: Chincoteague Bay

1.7 Access Constraints: See Appendix 4: DNR's Spatial Data Products License Agreement

1.8 Use Constraints: Consider the scale of the source documents (1:24,000 for Historical
Shorelines and Erosion Rates maps; 1:10,000 or 1:20,000 for NOS Coastal Survey Maps;
1:12,000 for shorelines interpreted from digital orthophoto quarter quads) in displaying and using
the vectors.  Displaying the vectors at scales larger than those of the source documents is bad
practice.

Shorelines derived from Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates maps and Coastal Survey maps
represent mean high water.  The aerial photography from which the digital orthophoto quarter
quads were compiled was not tide-coordinated.  It's unlikely, therefore, that the 1989 shoreline
interpreted from the DOQQs represents mean high water.

See Appendix 4: DNR's Spatial Data Products Licensing Agreement

1.9 Point of Contact
10 Contact Information
10.1 Contact Person Primary
10.1.1 Contact Person: Lamere Hennessee
10.1.2 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5519
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: lhennessee@mgs.md.gov
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

1.11 Data Set Credit: Partial funding for the project - Shoreline Changes and Erosion Rates for
the Southern Coastal Bays of Maryland -  was provided by a grant (Award No. NA97OZ0164)
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and made available
through the Chesapeake and Coastal Watershed Service of the Maryland Department of Natural
Resources (CZM Grant M00-041 CZM 037).  The views expressed herein are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies.

1.13 Native Data Set Environment: 
Software: MicroImages, Inc. TNTmips, versions 6.1 and 6.2
Hardware: Pentium II - 400MHz; 256 MB RAM; 10 GB Ultra Wide SCSI-III Hard Drive
Operating system: Windows NT 4.0
File name: See Appendix 1.
File format: MicroImages' TNTmips .rvc
File size: approximately 1-8 MB (for exact size, see Appendix 1)

1.14 Cross Reference
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Maryland Geological Survey
8.2 Publication Date: 1999
8.4 Title: Historical Shorelines, 1849-1989; Northern Coastal Bays, Maryland
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey
8.10 Online Linkage: http://mgs.md.gov

2 Data Quality Information
2.2 Logical Consistency Report
Shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines and Coastal Survey maps
Logical consistency was checked through an iterative series of quality assurance/quality control
procedures.  After tracing the shorelines from raster images of the maps, the computer operator
plotted all digitized files to scale and laid the plots over the original mylar or bromide maps on a
back-lit table.  Plots were checked for omissions, additions (e.g., double digitizing of lines or
polygons), and locational accuracy (i.e., digitized shorelines within one line width of source
shorelines).  Errors were corrected, and the corrected files were replotted.  The process was
repeated until no further errors were detected.

Shorelines extracted from1989 wetlands delineation
Shorelines extracted from the 1989 wetlands delineation were displayed to repair shoreline
breaks, delete extraneous lines (non-shoreline vectors), and detect other inconsistencies.  Before
the quarter quad coverages were merged, they were displayed individually to check for
unclassified shoreline vectors.  Merged vectors were checked for proper edge matching between
adjacent tiles.

2.3 Completeness Report: 
The area included in the data set comprises three 7.5' quadrangles covering the southern coastal
bays of Maryland.  Out-of-state (i.e., Virginia) shorelines were not digitized.

Compared to older shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines maps, more recent shorelines,
digitized from Coastal Survey maps or interpreted from 1989 DOQQs, generally extend further
upstream and include minor tributaries.

The area of the smallest polygon digitized was about 50 square meters.

Shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines maps
Only the oldest (1843 or 1850) shorelines drawn on the Historical Shorelines maps were
digitized.  Base map (USGS topographic quad) shorelines were not digitized because of the
difficulty of establishing shoreline date.

Shorelines digitized from Coastal Survey maps
The headward reaches of coastal bay tributaries were digitized up to the point where the
tributaries were represented as single lines on the source document.  Bridges were ignored in
digitizing.  Usually, piers were, too, except where they were numerous and spaced closely
enough to constitute the shoreline.

2.5 Lineage      
2.5.1 Source Information
2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Conkwright, R. H. (compiler)
8.2 Publication Date: 1975
8.4 Title: Historical Shorelines and Erosion Rates maps; see Appendix 2 - Quad
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Geological Survey
8.9 Other Citation Details: See Appendix 2 - Historical Shorelines map - ID; 2 sheets

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 24000

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: stable-base material (mylar)

2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content 
9 Time Period Information
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times - See Appendix 2 - Historical Shorelines map - Date
9.3 Range of Dates/Times
9.3.1 Beginning Date: 1843
9.3.3 Ending Date: 1850
2.5.1.4.1 Source Currentness Reference: presumably, the date of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey's planetable survey of the coast

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: Historical Shorelines (CZM) map

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: The oldest (1843 or 1850) shorelines depicted on the Historical
Shorelines (CZM)  maps were digitized and included in the set of historical shorelines for each of
the 7.5' quads in this vector data set.

2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
National Ocean Service (NOS) (formerly the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey)
8.2 Publication Date: 1942-1963
8.4 Title: Topographic (T-) sheets or Coastal Survey maps
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 10,000 or 20,000 (see Appendix 3 - Scale)

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: stable-base material (bromide)

2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content
9 Time Period Information
9.2 Multiple Dates/Times - See Appendix 2 - Coastal Survey map - Date
9.3 Range of Dates/Times
9.3.1 Beginning Date: 1942
9.3.3 Ending Date: 1963
2.5.1.4.1 Currentness Reference: ground condition on date of photography

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: Coastal Survey map
2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: Shorelines depicted on Coastal Survey maps were digitized,
merged, clipped, and included in the set of historical shorelines for each of the 7.5' quads in this
vector data set.

2.5.1.1 Source Citation
8 Citation Information
8.1 Originator: Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
8.2 Publication Date: 1989
8.4 Title: Maryland DNR Wetlands
8.6 Geospatial Data Presentation Form: map
8.8 Publication Information
8.8.1 Publication Place: Annapolis, Maryland, USA
8.8.2 Publisher: Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Chesapeake and Coastal Watershed Administration
Geographic Information Services Division

2.5.1.2 Source Scale Denominator: 12000

2.5.1.3 Type of Source Media: CD-ROM

2.5.1.4 Source Time Period of Content 
9 Time Period Information
9.1 Single Date/Time
9.1.1 Calendar Date: 19890412
2.5.1.4.1 Source Currentness Reference: ground condition on date of aerial photography flown
by the National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP); NAPP photos were used to compile digital
orthophoto quarter quads from which wetlands were interpreted

2.5.1.5 Source Citation Abbreviation: MD DNR Wetlands

2.5.1.6 Source Contribution: The most recent (1989) shorelines included in this vector data set
were extracted from the wetlands coverage and assigned attributes:  beach, structure, vegetated,
and water's edge.

2.5.2 Process Step (Historical Shorelines (CZM) maps)
2.5.2.1 Process Description:
MGS used an on-screen (heads-up) digitizing technique to convert shorelines from the three
Historical Shorelines maps to digital format.  The steps in the process were as follows.
o  Scanning - Under contract to MGS, CADDScan Engineering, Inc. (Columbia, MD) scanned  
the three maps as grayscale images at 300 dots per inch (dpi) using an Ideal FSC 5010 scanner.

o  Georeferencing - After importing the three files as rasters into TNTmips, MGS used the  
neatline corners to manually register the images to latitude/longitude (NAD27).  Initially, a  
raster's registration was transferred to the shoreline vector.  After the vector was edited and  
checked (see next step), shoreline registration was converted to the Maryland State Plane  
Coordinate System (SPCS) (NAD83, meters) by an internal TNTmips warping routine.

o  Digitizing - Using the object editor function in TNTmips, the GIS operator zoomed the raster  
to a scale of 1:1,000.  She then traced the seaward edge of the shoreline, capturing the shoreline
digitally as a series of connected points.  After digitizing the entire document, she edited her
work, deleting overshoots, closing gaps, and removing extraneous nodes.  As a quality assurance
measure, she plotted the digitized shoreline to the scale of the source document and compared the
check plot to the original.  The plot was examined primarily for accurate line placement and
omissions.  (The digitizing technique minimizes the creation of unwanted overshoots,
undershoots, and additions, such as double-digitized lines.)  If the plotted shoreline was within
one line width of the original, its accuracy was accepted.  Omitted lines were added to the vector
file, and the vector was reregistered to the Maryland SPCS.
   
o  Classification - The final step in preparing the vector was to assign a year-source attribute to  
the lines (see Section 5).

2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: Historical Shorelines (CZM) map
2.5.2.3 Process Date: 1999

2.5.2.6 Process Contact (Scanning source documents)
10 Contact Information
10.2 Contact Organization Primary
10.2.1 Contact Organization: CADDScan Engineering, Inc.
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 9861 Broken Land Parkway
10.4.2 Address: Suite 168
10.4.3 City: Columbia
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21046
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 381-7860
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 381-7835
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

2.5.2.6 Process Contact (Importing, georeferencing, digitizing, and classifying shorelines)
10 Contact Information
10.1 Contact Person Primary
10.1.1 Contact Person: Jennifer Stott
10.1.2 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5500
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: jstott@mgs.md.gov
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

2.5.2 Process Step (Coastal Survey maps)
2.5.2.1 Process Description:
MGS used an on-screen (heads-up) digitizing technique to convert shorelines from the ten
Coastal Survey maps to digital format.  The steps in the process were as follows.
o  Scanning - At the start of the project, MGS possessed bromide copies of the ten Coastal  
Survey maps.  Under contract to MGS, CADDScan Engineering, Inc. (Columbia, MD) scanned
the maps as grayscale images at 300 dpi using an Ideal FSC 5010 scanner.

o  Georeferencing - After importing the scans as rasters into TNTmips, MGS manually  
registered the images to latitude/longitude (NAD27) or Maryland State Plane coordinates  
(NAD27).  Initially, a raster's registration was transferred to the shoreline vector.  After the  
vector was edited and checked (see next step), shoreline registration was converted to the  
Maryland SPCS (NAD83, meters) by an internal TNTmips warping routine.

o  Digitizing - Using the object editor function in TNTmips, the GIS operator zoomed the raster  
to a scale of 1:1,000.  She then traced the seaward edge of the shoreline, capturing the shoreline
digitally as a series of connected points.  After digitizing the entire document, she edited her
work, deleting overshoots, closing gaps, and removing extraneous nodes.  As a quality assurance
measure, she plotted the digitized shoreline to the scale of the source document and compared the
check plot to the original.  The plot was examined primarily for accurate line placement and
omissions.  (The digitizing technique minimizes the creation of unwanted overshoots,
undershoots, and additions, such as double-digitized lines.)  If the plotted shoreline was within
one line width of the original, its accuracy was accepted.  Omitted lines were added to the vector
file, and the vector was reregistered to the Maryland SPCS.

o  Classification - Vectors were assigned a year-source attribute (see Section 5).
o  Merging and clipping - After all of the Coastal Survey maps for a 7.5' quad were digitized,  
same-year shorelines were merged and files were clipped to quad boundaries.

2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: Coastal Survey Map
2.5.2.3 Process Date: 1999

2.5.2.6 Process Contact (Scanning source documents)
10 Contact Information
10.2 Contact Organization Primary
10.2.1 Contact Organization: CADDScan Engineering, Inc.
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 9861 Broken Land Parkway
10.4.2 Address: Suite 168
10.4.3 City: Columbia
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21046
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 381-7860
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 381-7835
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

2.5.2.6 Process Contact (Importing, georeferencing, digitizing, and classifying shorelines)
10 Contact Information
10.1 Contact Person Primary
10.1.1 Contact Person: Jennifer Stott
10.1.2 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5500
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: jstott@mgs.md.gov
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

2.5.2 Process Step (1989 photo-interpreted shorelines)
2.5.2.1 Process Description:
Under contract to MGS, EarthData International (Gaithersburg, MD) extracted shorelines from
existing wetlands vectors, previously delineated for the Maryland Department of Natural
Resources over 1:1,000-scale DOQQs.  The DOQQs, in turn, were derived from 1:40,000-scale
CIR film.  Wetlands vectors were stripped of their linear attributes (line classes).  All shorelines
and the DOQQ tile boundary were displayed over the DOQQ (raster) from which they were
originally interpreted and reassigned attributes.  Shoreline segments were classified using the
following four categories: beach, structure, vegetated, and water's edge.  All four categories are
linear features, except for "beach," which can be both linear and polygonal.  The DOQQ tile
boundary was arbitrarily assigned one of the four categories so that it could be extracted with the
shoreline vectors.  Shoreline vectors were extracted from the original vector set by line class,
using only the four shoreline categories.  The extracted vectors were then displayed to detect
shoreline breaks or other consistencies.  Errors were corrected, and shoreline vectors were
re-extracted.  After extraction, vector sets were cleaned by deleting any extraneous lines
(non-shoreline vectors) that were mistakenly assigned one of the four categories before
extraction.  Beach polygons were attributed at this time, and the DOQQ tile boundary was
assigned to a fifth category -  unclassified.  The final quality control check consisted of two
steps.  First, each tile (quarter quad) was displayed individually to check for unclassified
shoreline vectors.  Second, vectors from adjacent tiles were merged into a single, 7.5' quadrangle
vector set.  The merged vector set was then displayed to check for class consistency (proper edge
matching) between adjacent tiles.  Any necessary corrections were made before the finished
vector sets were saved as TNTmips .rvc files.

MGS saved the original data set (InterpretedShorelines.rvc), then modified it.  Including beach
polygons on the Shoreline Changes maps creates unnecessary confusion for the map reader. 
Polygons also confound computer programs designed to calculate erosion rates from a series of
shoreline vectors.  So, before adding the 1989 shoreline to the maps, MGS converted beach
polygons to line segments by removing the landward edge of the polygons.  The
beach-as-line-segment shorelines were saved as objects, labeled "_1989," within the
Quad_SL.rvc files.

2.5.2.2 Source Used Citation Abbreviation: MD DNR Wetlands
2.5.2.3 Process Date: 1999

2.5.2.6 Process Contact (Shoreline extraction from wetlands layer)
10 Contact Information
10.2 Contact Organization Primary
10.2.1 Contact Organization: EarthData International, Inc.
10.2.1 Contact Person: Michelle Hutchinson
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 45 West. Watkins Mill Road
10.4.3 City: Gaithersburg,
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 20878
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (301) 948-8550
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (301) 963-2064
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: http://earthdata.com
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

2.6 Cloud Cover: 0 (for 1989 NAPP photography)
               
3 Spatial Data Organization Information
3.2 Direct Spatial Reference Method: Vector

4 Spatial Reference Information
4.1 Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
4.1.2 Planar
4.1.2.1 Map Projection
4.1.2.1.1 Map Projection Name: Lambert Conformal Conic
4.1.2.1.2 Map Projection Parameters for Lambert Conformal Conic
4.1.2.1.2.1 Standard Parallel: 38.3
4.1.2.1.2.1 Standard Parallel: 39.45
4.1.2.1.2.2 Longitude of Central Meridian: -77.0
4.1.2.1.2.3 Latitude of Projection Origin: 37.67
4.1.2.1.2.4 False Easting: 400,000
4.1.2.1.2.5 False Northing: 0

4.1.2.2 Grid Coordinate System
4.1.2.2.1 Grid Coordinate System Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
4.1.2.2.4 State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)
4.1.2.2.4.1 SPCS Zone Identifier: 1900 (Maryland)

4.1.2.4 Planar Coordinate Information
4.1.2.4.1 Planar Coordinate Encoding Method: coordinate pair
4.1.2.4.4 Planar Distance Units: meters

4.1.4 Geodetic Model
4.1.4.1 Horizontal Datum Name: North American Datum of 1983
4.1.4.2 Ellipsoid Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
4.1.4.3 Semi-major Axis: 6,378,137 meters
4.1.4.4 Denominator of Flattening Ratio: 298.257

4.2 Vertical Coordinate System Definition
4.2.2 Depth System Definition
4.2.2.1 Depth Datum Name: Mean high water (for shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines
and Erosion Rates maps and from Coastal Survey maps)

5 Entity and Attribute Information
5.1 Detailed Description
5.1.1 Entity Type
5.1.1.1 Entity Type Label: Shoreline
5.1.1.2 Entity Type Definition:
Shorelines digitized from Historical Shorelines and Coastal Survey maps
"Along all coasts, the datum of mean high water is used as the plane of reference for the
shoreline - the dividing line between land and sea . . . (T)he datum of mean high water at any
place may be defined simply as the average height of the high waters at that place over a period
of 19 years."

Shorelines extracted from the 1989 wetlands coverage
"the dividing line between land and sea"  (NOTE:  Tide level is unknown; it may or may not
coincide with MHW.)

5.1.1.3 Entity Type Definition Source: Shalowitz, A.L., 1964, Shore and Sea Boundaries: U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Publication 10-1, Vol. 2, p. 64-66.

5.1.2 Attribute
5.1.2.1 Attribute Label: Shoreline year and source (for shorelines digitized from Historical
Shorelines and from Coastal Survey maps)
5.1.2.2 Attribute Definition: A concatenation of (a) the year in which the shoreline was surveyed
or photographed and (b) the ID(s) of the source documents from which the shoreline was
digitized (e.g., _186300012,  _194308284, _19420854408545).

The first character is an underscore ( "_").  Characters 2-5 are the shoreline year.  For shorelines
digitized from Historical Shorelines maps, the year corresponds to the shoreline date (year only)
on the map legend.  For shorelines digitized directly from Coastal Survey maps, the year
represents the date of photography.  For many of the Coastal Survey maps, Appendix 2 contains
the month as well as the year of photography.

The ID of the document from which the shoreline was digitized was appended to the year, as
characters 6-10.  If an ID consisted of fewer than five characters, the left-most digits were
zero-filled.  For Historical Shorelines maps, the CZM number was appended to the year (e.g.,
CZM Map 12A  was represented as "00012"); for Coastal Survey maps, the numerical part of the
ID, minus "T-" or "TP-", was appended to the year (e.g., T-8128 was represented as "08128").

Sometimes, the NOS shoreline for a particular quad was extracted from two adjoining Coastal
Survey maps of the same date.  In such cases, the digitized shorelines commonly required minor
adjustments to match edges.  If the computer operator inserted a line segment to join the two
shorelines, she added the IDs of both source documents to the attribute value of the join.  Thus,
the attribute value "_19611208212085" would be assigned to the segment of the 1961 shoreline
representing the join between the shorelines extracted from Coastal Survey maps T-12082 and
T-12085.
5.1.2.3 Attribute Definition Source: Maryland Geological Survey
5.1.2.4 Attribute Domain Values
5.1.2.4.4 Unrepresentable Domain: As explained in Section 5.1.2.2, the attribute value is a
concatenation of two pieces of information - the shoreline year and the ID(s) of the source
documents.  Theoretically, it is possible to create an enumerated domain, but the instances are
too numerous to list.  Rather, refer to Appendix 2, which provides the shoreline year and ID of
each source.

5.1.2 Attribute
5.1.2.1 Attribute Label: Shoreline type (for 1989 photo-interpreted shorelines)
5.1.2.2 Attribute Definition: A shoreline classification - beach, structure, vegetated, water's edge
- based on photo interpretation.
5.1.2.3 Attribute Definition Source: Maryland Geological Survey
5.1.2.4 Attribute Domain Values
5.1.2.4.1 Enumerated Domain
5.1.2.4.1.1 Enumerated Domain Value: beach
5.1.2.4.1.2 Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Any sandy beach-like area, not including mud
flats.  A very narrow beach is delineated as a linear feature.  A beach wide enough to delineate
with a polygon is attributed as such.  (NOTE: Beach polygons are included only in the
InterpretedShorelines.rvc file.  For the 1989 shoreline vectors included as objects in the
Quad_SL.rvc and Region_SL.rvc files, all beaches appear as linear features; the landward edge
of beach polygons was deleted.)
5.1.2.4.1.3 Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Photo interpretation convention
(EarthData International)

5.1.2.4.1.1 Enumerated Domain Value: structure
5.1.2.4.1.2 Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Any type of manmade object that serves as the
land/water boundary.  Structures include, but are not limited to, bulkheads, seawalls, and riprap.
5.1.2.4.1.3 Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Photo interpretation convention
(EarthData International)

5.1.2.4.1.1 Enumerated Domain Value: vegetated
5.1.2.4.1.2 Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Any portion of shoreline with vegetation, such
as marsh or forest, as the dominant land cover.
5.1.2.4.1.3 Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Photo interpretation convention
(EarthData International)

5.1.2.4.1.1 Enumerated Domain Value: water's edge
5.1.2.4.1.2 Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Any reach of shoreline that does not fit into
one of the three preceding categories (i.e., beach, structure, vegetated).  This may include mud
flats.
5.1.2.4.1.3 Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source:  Photo interpretation convention
(EarthData International)

5.1.2.4.1.1 Enumerated Domain Value: unclassified
5.1.2.4.1.2 Enumerated Domain Value Definition: Used to identify the DOQQ tile boundary line. 
Also used to identify the large polygon(s) enclosed by the DOQQ tile boundary line.
5.1.2.4.1.3 Enumerated Domain Value Definition Source: EarthData International

6 Distribution Information
6.1 Distributor
10 Contact Information
10.2 Contact Organization Primary
10.2.1 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
Publications Office
10.1.2 Contact Person: Dale Shelton
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5505
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: dwshelton@mgs.md.gov
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

6.2 Resource Description: CD-ROM - SLSCB_SL 
Shoreline Changes and Erosion Rates for the Southern Coastal Bays of Maryland
Historical Shorelines, 1843-1989
MicroImages' TNTmips .RVC Format
2000

6.3 Distribution Liability: See Appendix 4: DNR's Spatial Data Products License Agreement

6.4 Standard Order Process
6.4.1 Non-digital Form
The shoreline vectors, displayed over 1988-1989 orthophotography, have been printed as
Shoreline Changes maps.  Corresponding to the 7.5' quadrangles, maps cost $7.50 each, not
including shipping.  To order a map, phone MGS's Publication Sales Office at (410) 554-5500 or
write to the office at the address in Section 6.1.

6.4.2 Digital Form
6.4.2.1 Digital Transfer Information
6.4.2.1.1 Format Name: RVC
6.4.2.1.5 Format Information Content
The .rvc files corresponding to each of the quads and to the region as a whole contain four
"objects" - shoreline vectors for particular years.  File names and descriptions are as follows:

Area (quadrangle or region)
.rvc file name - description
     Object name - description

Boxiron
Boxir_SL.rvc - Boxiron - shorelines - 1850, 1942, 1962, 1989
     _1850 - (1) shoreline from CZM Map 89A in SPCS NAD 83
     _1942 - (2) shoreline from T-8155 in SPCS NAD 83
     _1962 - (3) shoreline from T-12088-89, T-12092-93 in SPCS NAD 83
     _1989 - (4) shoreline interpreted from DOQQs flown 4/12/1989

Girdletree
Girdl_SL.rvc - Girdletree - shorelines - 1843, 1942, 1963, 1989
     _1843 - (1) shoreline from CZM Map 88A in SPCS NAD 83
     _1942 - (2) shoreline from T-8154 in SPCS NAD 83
     _1963 - (3) shoreline from T-12091 in SPCS NAD 83
     _1989 - (4) shoreline interpreted from DOQQs flown 4/12/89


Whittington Point
Whitt_SL.rvc - Whittington Point - shorelines - 1850, 1942, 1962, 1989
     _1850 - (1) shoreline from CZM Map 90A in SPCS NAD 83
     _1942 - (2) shoreline from T-8156 in SPCS NAD 83
     _1962 - (3) shoreline from T-12090, T-12094 in SPCS NAD 83
     _1989 - (4) shoreline interpreted from DOQQs flown 4/12/1989

Southern Coastal Bays region
Region_SL.rvc - S.Coastal Bays-shorelines-1843-50, 1942, 1961-63, 1989
  _1843 - 1843 shoreline from CZM Map 88A
  _1850 - 1850 shoreline from CZM Maps 89A, 90A
  _1942 - 1942 shoreline from T-8154, T-8155, T-8156
  _1961 - 1961 shoreline from T-12088
  _1962 - 1962 shoreline from T-12090, T-12093, T-12094
  _1963 - 1963 shoreline from T-12089, T-12091, T-12092
  _1989 - 1989 shoreline interpreted from DOQQs flown 4/12/1989

InterpretedShorelines.rvc contains 1989 shorelines for all three quads.  These shorelines are
identical to the 1989 shorelines that appear as objects in the three quad files, except that wide
beaches are delineated as polygons, not simply as lines.  Within this .rvc file, the three objects
contain 1989 shorelines for the three quads.  These shorelines were assigned attributes based on
the type of shoreline: beach, edge of vegetation, structure, or water's edge.

Southern Coastal Bays region
InterpretedShorelines.rvc - Interpreted shorelines with beach polygons
     _1989_BOXIR - Boxiron shoreline from 4/12/1989 DOQQs
     _1989_GIRDL - Girdletree shoreline from 4/12/1989 DOQQs
     _1989_WHITT - Whittington Point shoreline from 4/12/1989 DOQQs

For each object in an .rvc file, a table, Class, is associated with the line segments that constitute
the shoreline vector.  For vectors derived from Historical Shorelines and Coastal Survey maps,
Class contains year-source attributes assigned to the lines.  For vectors derived from the MD
DNR wetlands delineation, Class contains shoreline type attributes assigned to the lines.

6.4.2.1.6 File Decompression Technique: No compression applied
6.4.2.1.7 Transfer Size: See Appendix 1 - File size

6.4.2.2 Digital Transfer Option
6.4.2.2.2 Offline Option
6.4.2.2.2.1 Offline Media: CD-ROM
6.4.2.2.2.3 Recording Format: ISO 9660
6.4.2.2.2.4 Compatibility Information: Device capable of reading an ISO 9660 formatted
CD-ROM; MicroImages' TNT line of software products

6.4.3 Fees: $20 per CD-ROM (plus shipping - 10% of total, not to exceed $20)
6.4.4 Ordering Instructions: Sign a copy of the license agreement in Appendix 4 and send your
order, along with payment, to the distributor listed in Section 6.1.  Pay by check or money order
in U.S. funds to "Maryland Geological Survey."
6.4.5 Turnaround: no more than one week
6.6 Technical Prerequisites: Device capable of reading an ISO 9660 formatted CD-ROM;
MicroImages' TNT line of software products
               
7 Metadata Reference Information
7.1 Metadata Date: 20000202
7.4 Metadata Contact
10 Contact Information
10.1 Contact Person Primary
10.1.1 Contact Person: Lamere Hennessee
10.1.2 Contact Organization: Maryland Geological Survey
10.4 Contact Address
10.4.1 Address Type: mailing and physical address
10.4.2 Address: 2300 St. Paul Street
10.4.3 City: Baltimore
10.4.4 State or Province: Maryland
10.4.5 Postal Code: 21218-5210
10.4.6 Country: USA
10.5 Contact Voice Telephone: (410) 554-5519
10.7 Contact Facsimile Telephone: (410) 554-5502
10.8 Contact Electronic Mail Address: lhennessee@mgs.md.gov
10.9 Hours of Service: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. EST

7.5 Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
7.6 Metadata Standard Version: Version dated 19940608

APPENDIX 1
7.5' QUADRANGLES
                          
Quad,USGS ID,Bounding coordinates (West,East,North,South),File name*,File size (Kb)

Boxiron,38075-A3,-075.375,-075.25,38.125,38.0,BOXIR_SL.rvc,4,172
Girdletree,38075-A4,-075.5,-075.375,38.125,38.0,GIRDL_SL.rvc,684
Whittington Point,38075-A2,-075.25,-075.125,38.125,38.0,WHITT_SL.rvc,2,348
All three,,-075.5,-075.125,38.125,38.0,Region_SL.rvc,7,392
All three,,-075.5,-075.125,38.125,38.0,InterpretedShorelines.rvc,884

*Files containing a series of shorelines for one quadrangle are named according to the following
conventions.  The first five characters are an abbreviation of the quad name, usually the first five
letters of the name.  The next three characters "_SL" indicate that the file contains shoreline
vectors.  The file extension ".rvc" indicates that the file can be read by MicroImages' TNT line of
products.  The file Region_SL.rvc contains all of the shorelines for all three quads, merged by
shoreline year.  The file InterpretedShorelines.rvc contains 1989 shorelines for all three
quadrangles; beaches are represented as linear and polygonal features.

APPENDIX 2
SOURCES OF SHORELINE DATA, BY QUAD

Quad
Historical Shorelines map ID, Date
Coastal Survey map ID, Date of photography
DOQQ ID, Date of photography

Boxiron
Historical Shorelines map CZM 89A,1850
Coastal Survey maps
  T-8155,194204
  T-12088,196105
  T-12089,196105,196303
  T-12092,196105,196303
  T-12093,196203,196204
DOQQ NE, NW, SE, SW,19890412

Gridletree
Historical Shorelines map CZM 88A,1843
Coastal Survey maps
  T-8154,194204
  T-12091,196105,196303
DOQQ NE, SE,19890412

Whittington Point
Historical Shorelines map CZM 90A,1850
Coastal Survey maps
  T-8156,194204
  T-12090,196203,196204
  T-12094,196203,196204
DOQQ NE, NW, SW,19890412

APPENDIX 3
COASTAL SURVEY MAPS
CITATION DETAILS

ID,Title,Scale(1:),Quads,Source media*
T-8154,"Girdletree, MD.-VA.",20,000,Girdletree,bromide
T-8155,"Boxiron, MD.-VA.",20,000,Boxiron,bromide
T-8156,"Whittington Point, MD.-VA.",20,000,Whittington Point,bromide
T-12088,"Maryland - Worcester County - Boxiron Bay",10,000,Boxiron,bromide
T-12089,"Maryland - Worcester County - Big Bay Point to Figgs
Landing",10,000,Boxiron,bromide
T-12090,"Maryland - Worcester County - Pope Bay to Sugar Point",10,000,Whittington
Point,bromide
T-12091,"Maryland-Virginia - Chincoteague Bay - Powell Creek to Riley
Creek",10,000,Girdletree,bromide
T-12092,"Maryland-Virginia - Chincoteague Bay - Purnell Bay to Assacorkin
Island",10,000,Boxiron,bromide
T-12093,"Maryland-Virginia - Chincoteague Bay - Calfpen Bay to Rum Harbor
Cove",10,000,Boxiron,bromide
T-12094,"Maryland-Virginia - Chincoteague Bay - Pope Bay",10,000,Whittington Point,bromide

*Bromide copies of Coastal Survey maps were scanned as grayscale images at 300 dpi.

APPENDIX 4
MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
SPATIAL DATA PRODUCTS LICENSE AGREEMENT
(September 29, 1998)

THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT is made by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources,
DNR, hereinafter called Licensor, and the Purchaser of spatial data identified on the order form
of this License Agreement, hereinafter called Licensee.

Under State Government Article, Sections 10-901 et seq., of the Annotated Code of Maryland,
Licensor is the owner and/or custodian of the geographic information system data listed on the
order form of this License Agreement, hereinafter called Spatial Data. Licensor may disclose and
reproduce Spatial Data and charge fees for its products and services.

Licensee wants the non-exclusive right to use Licensor's Spatial Data.

IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual conditions in this License Agreement, Licensor and
Licensee agree as follows:

1. SCOPE OF LICENSE
This is a License Agreement and not an agreement for sale. This License Agreement is between
Licensee and Licensor, and it gives Licensee certain limited rights to use Licensor's Spatial Data.
All rights not specifically granted in this License Agreement are reserved to Licensor. Licensor
retains exclusive title and ownership of Spatial Data and, unless otherwise noted, of the
component parts of Spatial Data, and hereby grants to Licensee a personal, nonexclusive,
nontransferable license to use Spatial Data based on the terms and conditions of this License
Agreement. From the date of receipt, Licensee agrees to use reasonable effort to protect Spatial
Data from unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution or publication.

1.1 Data Medium and Format. Licensor shall furnish Spatial Data on the medium and in a form
in use by Licensor, unless Licensor agrees, and Licensee pays in advance for conversion to
another medium and/or form.

1.2 Restrictions of Use. Licensed Spatial Data are solely for the internal use of Licensee and not
for use by any other person or entity, unless specifically stated under Purchaser Information on
order form of this License Agreement.

1.3 Permitted Use.
a. Copies. Licensee may copy licensed Spatial Data only for use by Licensee or for backup
purposes and not for use by any other person or entity. Licensed Spatial Data shall not be used by
any other person for any other purpose. The licensed Spatial Data may be used on more than one
computer system at any time, provided the systems are owned, leased or controlled by the
Licensee.
b. Derived Products. Graphic displays and printed tabular listings derived from licensed Spatial
Data may be used by Licensee in publications and presentations, provided that credit is given to
Licensor as the custodian of Spatial Data as noted in the metadata citation and credit is also given
to the original source of Spatial Data if other than the Licensor.

1.4 Prohibited Use.
a. Unauthorized Distribution. Any sale, distribution, loan or offering for use of licensed Spatial
Data, in whole or in part, is prohibited without the expressed prior written approval of the
Licensor.
b. Reproduction of Products. The reproduction of hardcopy products as provided by Licensor or
derived from licensed Spatial Data with the intent to sell for a profit is prohibited without the
expressed written consent of the Licensor.

2. FEES AND PAYMENTS
Licensee shall pay all License Fees before delivery of Spatial Data to Licensee by Licensor.

3. ASSIGNMENT
Licensee may not assign the License without the expressed prior written consent of Licensor.
The permitted assignee shall have all rights and remedies of the original Licensee, insofar as the
same are assignable. Assignment shall be only as a whole and not as a part.

4. INDEMNIFICATION
[For licenses with local government agencies, this paragraph applies] Except for damages
directly attributable to the fault or negligence of Licensor, Licensee agrees to indemnify and hold
Licensor and the State of Maryland, its officers, agents and employees harmless from and against
any claims, liabilities, actions, costs or judgements arising out of Licensee's use of licensed
Spatial Data, but only to the extent provided for in the Local Government Tort Claims Act, Title
5, Subtitle 4, Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article, Annotated Code of Maryland, or as
provided for in any other judicially recognized sovereign immunity or limitation of liability in
contract or in tort. This indemnification provision shall in no way be deemed a waiver of any
rights and immunities Licensor or Licensee may otherwise have under State or federal law.

[For licenses with federal government agencies, this paragraph applies] Except for damages
directly attributable to the fault or negligence of Licensor, Licensee agrees to indemnify and hold
Licensor and the State of Maryland, its officers, agents and employees harmless from and against
any claims, liabilities, actions, costs or judgements arising out of Licensee's use of licensed
Spatial Data, but only to the extent to which the Licensee may be liable under federal law or as
provided for in any other judicially recognized sovereign immunity or limitation of liability. This
indemnification provision shall in no way be deemed a waiver of any rights and immunities that
Licensor and Licensee may otherwise have under State or federal law.

[For licenses with all individuals and private organizations, this paragraph applies] Licensee shall
hold Licensor and the State of Maryland, its officers, agents and employees harmless from any
action, claim, suit, or proceeding arising out of the use of licensed Spatial Data in accordance
with this License Agreement.

5. WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES
Neither Licensor, nor the owner of licensed Spatial Data makes any warranty, expressed or
implied, as to the use or appropriateness of licensed Spatial Data, and there are no warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use. The information contained in licensed
Spatial Data is from publicly available sources, but no representation is made as to the accuracy
or completeness of licensed Spatial Data. Licensor may not be subject to liability for human
error, error due to software conversion, defect, or failure of machines, or any material used in the
connection with the machines, including tapes, disks, punch card and energy. Licensor shall not
be liable for any lost profits, consequential damages, or claims against Licensee by third parties.
The liability of Licensor for damage regardless of the form of the action, shall not exceed the
license fee paid for licensed Spatial Data.

6. TERMINATION
6.1 Causes for Termination. Licensor shall have the right to terminate this License Agreement if:
a) Licensee attempts to assign its rights without the expressed prior written consent of Licensor;
b) Licensee delivers or attempts to deliver the licensed data to another person without the prior
written consent of the Licensor; or c) Licensee fails to perform any other of Licensee's
obligations under this License Agreement.

6.2 Licensee's Obligations Upon Termination. Upon Termination by Licensor, Licensee shall a)
fulfill its obligation to pay any fees required, b) erase all Spatial Data subject to this License
Agreement from Licensee's permanent storage devices and archival media, and c) return all
licensed Spatial Data subject to this License Agreement in Licensee's possession.

7. REMEDIES
In the event of a breach or threatened breach of any of the provisions of this License Agreement
by Licensee or any employee, representative, or agent of Licensee, Licensor shall be entitled to
preliminary and permanent injunctive relief to enforce the provisions hereof, but nothing shall
preclude Licensor from pursuing any action or other remedy, including damages for any breach
or threatened breach of this License Agreement, all of which shall be cumulative.

8. MERGER
8.1 Acknowledgment. Licensee acknowledges that Licensee has read this License Agreement
and agrees to be bound by its terms, and further agrees that it is the complete and exclusive
statement of the License Agreement between the parties and supersedes any oral or written
communications or representations outside this written License Agreement.

8.2 Authority. The person whose signature appears as or for Licensee on the order form of this
License Agreement represents that they are authorized to do so and represents that this License
Agreement is a legal, valid, and binding obligation and enforceable in accordance with its terms.

9. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS
9.1 Laws of the State of Maryland. This License Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the
State of Maryland, and the parties subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of
Maryland.

9.2 Amendment; Waiver. This License Agreement may not be amended, except in writing signed
by the parties. Waiver of any breach of the terms and conditions in this License Agreement shall
not be deemed to constitute a waiver of any other or future breach.

10. SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS (To be completed by Licensor if applicable)
________Check here if additional specific modifications apply to this License Agreement. The
following specific modifications are expressly incorporated into this License Agreement.
Name of
Attachment:_________________________________________________________________
Number of pages ________ that are incorporated.Licensor
Signature:_________________________________________________,Date:___________
(DNR),
LICENSEE'S SIGNATURE:                                                                     Date:
(You)
LICENSOR'S SIGNATURE:                                                                    Date:
(DNR)

PRICE SCHEDULE
Available on CD-ROM in .rvc format, the three 7.5' orthophotoquads cost $20.00 total.  Payment
shall be made in advance by a check payable to the Maryland Geological Survey.

N:\DOCS\DONEDOC\MGS_0025.txt
February 2, 2000
               